建国初期中共科技思想及其实践研究（1949-1956）

发布时间：2018-06-04 08:03

本文选题：建国初期 + 中国共产党　；参考：《江苏大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思主义认为,“科学技术是生产力,是推动人类文明进步的有力杠杆。”中国共产党自成立之日起,始终以马克思主义科技思想为指导,积极发展中国的科学技术事业。本文以1949年-1956年为研究时段,全面分析了建国初期中国共产党发展科技事业的历史背景、现实原因、主要战略思想以及具体实践活动,系统总结了建国初期我国发展科技事业的主要特点,并指出对当今中国科技政策制定和实践活动的借鉴作用。新中国建立之初,中国共产党面对的是民生凋敝,满目疮痍的局面。如何发展中国的科技事业是摆在中国共产党人面前的艰难课题。以毛泽东为核心的中共第一代领导集体迎难而上,就这一课题进行了艰辛的探索,从中国的具体国情出发,明确了科技为国家建设服务、为人民大众服务的总方针,团结、改造和培养了一大批科技人才,提出了“向科学进军”的口号,制订了第一个科技远景规划,并有力组织实施,把科技发展同国家工业、农业、国防、军事等领域的建设紧密结合起来,取得了一系列科技成果,出现了新中国科技发展史上的第一个“黄金时期”。建国初期是中国共产党科技政策的奠基期,这一时期的科技观、科技方针政策及科技实践为新中国成立60年来的科技发展历程奠定了坚实和良好的基础,对当代中国科技事业的发展以及新时期我国科技水平全面提升和进入世界先进行列具有十分重大的借鉴意义。本文共分三个部分：第一部分,阐述了建国初期中国共产党科技思想和实践的历史背景,主要从理论基础、实践基础、内在因素和外部条件等四个方面来分析。第二部分,论述了建国初期中国共产党科技思想和实践的主要内容,这是本文的重点。中国共产党为了早日实现科技现代化的发展目标,从我国实际出发,提出了“人民科学观”、“向科学进军”、“重点发展,迎头赶上”、“百家争鸣,百花齐放”和“自力更生为主,争取外援为辅”等科技发展思想。以这些科技思想为指导,中国共产党组织实施了一系列科技实践活动,本文尝试性勾勒出六个方面：开展自然科学普及活动、成立中国科学院并初步建立国家新科技体制、结合国家建设实际开展科学研究、团结和培养科技人才、建立国家规划科学模式和重视学习外国先进科学技术。第三部分,总结了建国初期中国共产党科技思想和实践活动的主要特点,提出了建国初期中国共产党科技思想和实践活动对当今科技事业发展的借鉴意义。总之,本文试图从宏观上、整体上把握建国初期中国共产党的科技思想和科技实践活动,力求比较客观地对其进行分析和评价,总结其得失,为当今中国科技现代化发展提供理论借鉴和实践经验。
[Abstract]:Marxism believes that "science and technology are productive forces and a powerful lever to promote the progress of human civilization." Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has always been guided by Marxist thought of science and technology to actively develop China's scientific and technological undertakings. Taking 1949-1956 as the research period, this paper comprehensively analyzes the historical background, realistic reasons, main strategic thoughts and concrete practical activities of the CPC's development of science and technology in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China. This paper systematically summarizes the main characteristics of the development of science and technology in our country in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and points out the reference function for the formulation and practice of science and technology policy in China. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China was faced with a situation of desolation and devastation. How to develop China's science and technology is a difficult task for the Chinese Communists. The first generation of leading collectives of the Communist Party of China (Mao Zedong), with the core of Mao Zedong as the core, has made arduous explorations on this subject. Proceeding from China's specific national conditions, it has made clear the general policy of science and technology to serve national construction and serve the masses of the people. We have transformed and trained a large number of scientific and technological personnel, put forward the slogan of "advancing into science", formulated the first long-term plan for science and technology, and have the ability to organize and implement the development of science and technology together with national industry, agriculture and national defense. The construction of military and other fields has been closely combined, and a series of scientific and technological achievements have been achieved, and the first "golden period" appeared in the history of the development of science and technology in New China. The early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China were the foundation period of the scientific and technological policy of the Communist Party of China. During this period, the scientific and technological views, principles, policies and practice of science and technology laid a solid and good foundation for the development of science and technology in the 60 years since the founding of New China. It is of great significance for the development of contemporary Chinese science and technology and the promotion of our country's scientific and technological level in the new period and the entry into the advanced ranks of the world. This paper is divided into three parts: The first part expounds the historical background of the scientific and technological thought and practice of the Communist Party of China in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, mainly from four aspects: the theoretical basis, the practical basis, the internal factors and the external conditions. The second part discusses the main contents of the scientific and technological thought and practice of the Communist Party of China in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, which is the focus of this paper. In order to realize the development goal of science and technology modernization at an early date, the Communist Party of China, proceeding from the reality of our country, put forward the "people's view of science", "march towards science", "focus on development, catch up with each other", and "a hundred schools of thought contend," A hundred flowers bloom "and" self-reliance, foreign aid, and other scientific and technological development ideas. Guided by these scientific and technological ideas, the Communist Party of China has carried out a series of scientific and technological practice activities. This paper attempts to outline six aspects: popularizing the natural sciences, establishing the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and initially establishing a new national science and technology system. Scientific research should be carried out in combination with the actual construction of the country, scientific and technological personnel should be United and trained, a scientific model of state planning should be established and foreign advanced science and technology should be studied. The third part summarizes the main characteristics of the scientific and technological thoughts and practical activities of the Communist Party of China in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and puts forward the reference significance of the scientific and technological thoughts and practical activities of the Communist Party of China to the development of the scientific and technological undertakings in the In a word, this paper tries to grasp the scientific and technological thoughts and practice activities of the Communist Party of China at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China from a macro perspective, and tries to analyze and evaluate them objectively and sum up their gains and losses. To provide theoretical reference and practical experience for the development of modern science and technology in China.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G322.9;K27

【参考文献】