清中叶至民国玉米种植与贵州石漠化变迁的关系

发布时间：2018-06-07 10:48

本文选题：清代 + 民国时期　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2015年04期

【摘要】：贵州玉米的记载最早出现在清代康熙时期,乾隆年间是玉米传播迅速扩张的时期,主要沿湘黔线分布。此后,它在空间上的传播呈现由沿边地带向内地、以及沿湘黔线往两侧推进的特点。清末,玉米的种植几乎覆盖整个贵州。玉米在贵州的种植呈现地区开发越早,则玉米引种越早的趋势。玉米的播种与人口压力和乾隆时期出台的劝垦"山头地角"的政策有关。石漠化的记载最早出现于明末清初的文献中,据现存1943~1944年对贵州土地利用调查的51个县的资料,每个县都有"石山"的存在,反映出当时贵州石漠化分布很广,但是程度不一。其中最严重的是镇宁县,其"不能生产之石山面积"占全县面积的百分比高达87%,最轻微的是湄潭县,为0.14%。基于民国时期玉米主要产区与今日石漠化分布区一致、以及对史料记载和相关考察报告的分析,玉米的种植与石漠化的发展具有紧密的关系。但是除了玉米种植,贵州石漠化的形成还受到其他因素的影响。本文利用明清方志、奏折、游记以及民国档案等资料,借助Arc GIS的运用,探讨贵州玉米种植随着时间推移在空间分布上发生变化的过程和历史背景,复原贵州自明末以来文献中记载的石漠化分布情况,在此基础上就玉米种植与石漠化的关系进行探讨。
[Abstract]:Guizhou corn records first appeared in the Qing Dynasty Kangxi period, Qianlong period is the period of rapid expansion of maize transmission, mainly along the Hunan-Guizhou line distribution. Since then, it has spread from the border zone to the inland, and along the Hunan-Guizhou line to both sides of the characteristics. In the late Qing Dynasty, maize was planted almost all over Guizhou. The earlier the maize was developed in Guizhou, the earlier the maize was introduced. The planting of maize is related to population pressure and the policy of persuading people to cultivate the hilltop and earth corner in Qianlong period. The records of rocky desertification first appeared in the literature of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. According to the existing data of 51 counties in Guizhou from 1944 to 1944, there were "stone mountains" in each county, reflecting the wide distribution of rocky desertification in Guizhou at that time, but to varying degrees. Among them, the most serious is Zhenning County, whose "unproductive stone mountain area" accounts for as high as 87% of the county area, and the smallest is Meitan County (0.14%). Based on the analysis of the distribution of rocky desertification in the main maize producing areas in the period of the Republic of China, and the analysis of historical records and related investigation reports, there is a close relationship between maize cultivation and the development of rocky desertification. But in addition to maize cultivation, the formation of rocky desertification in Guizhou is also affected by other factors. Based on the records of the Ming and Qing dynasties, guidebooks, travel notes and archives of the Republic of China, and with the help of Arc GIS, this paper discusses the process and historical background of the spatial distribution of maize planting in Guizhou with the passage of time. The distribution of rocky desertification recorded in the literature of Guizhou since the end of Ming Dynasty was restored and the relationship between maize planting and rocky desertification was discussed.
【作者单位】：复旦大学中国历史地理研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“滇、黔、桂岩溶地区石漠化的演变过程及其背景研究(1368~1949年)”(项目批准号:41371151) 上海市浦江计划项目(项目批准号:12PJC077)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：S513;K25

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