孙中山地方自治思想与南京国民政府的实践

发布时间：2018-06-07 14:25

本文选题：孙中山 + 地方自治　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：论文首先详细叙述了孙中山地方自治思想的发展历程，指出孙中山地方自治思想是经历了由1897年提出建立共和国，实施人群自治的初期阶段到后来提出学习欧美地方自治经验，在中国实施系统的地方自治的演变过程，指出孙中山地方自治思想的演绎轨迹。孙中山逐步地方自治作为一项重要政治任务列入国民党的政纲当中，在国民党一大通过了纲领性文件《建国大纲》，其中将地方自治建国的基础确立在国民党的政纲中。论文紧接着指出孙中山地方自治思想与欧美等国地方自治的不同点，认为孙中山地方自治思想是对欧美等国地方自治的借鉴并结合中国具体实际形成的独具特色的自治理论。论文然后叙述了南京国民政府成立后对孙中山地方自治思想的初步实践，20世纪20年代末南京国民政府相继通过了一大批有关地方自治的法律、法规，并详细叙述了南京国民政府这时期地方自治政策对孙中山地方自治思想的继承，但碍于各种因素的制约，南京国民政府的地方自治政策在当时的实际效果很不理想。南京国民政府随即对地方自治的政策进行了修正，，试图以保甲制度来渗透地方自治，在乡镇以下以保甲制度来替代之前的乡里闾邻制度。论文对保甲制度的起源、发展做了一定阐述，指出保甲与自治的不同，也试图阐明南京国民政府对自治与保甲的不同态度。论文紧接着讨论了南京国民政府新县制实施的进程及原因，指出新县制是南京国民政府将保甲与地方自治进行融合形成的实质，新县制的实施更多的要放在抗日战争的历史环境中考察，在全面抗战时期政府必须加强集权以有效调配全国所有资源以资抗战。论文最后着力探讨了南京国民政府对孙中山地方自治思想修正，并阐述了南京国民政府在地方治理过程中对孙中山地方自治思想修正的原因，论文指出国民党总裁蒋介石的地方自治指导思想与孙中山相比有很多不同，国民党基层党政的分裂导致国民党以党治国成为空话，也是国民政府地方自治政策难以认真落实的一个重要原因。论文指出，南京国民政府在成立之初，在准备条件不充分的前提下仓促实施地方自治是不成功的，对孙中山地方自治思想的继承只是求形似难求实质，此后南京国民政府对孙中山地方自治思想修正多过继承，既是当时社会环境的产物，也是南京国民政府自身的要求。
[Abstract]:Firstly, the paper describes the development course of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought in detail, and points out that Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought has gone through the initial stage of establishing the republic from 1897, the initial stage of implementing crowd autonomy, and later put forward to study the experience of European and American local autonomy. This paper points out the deductive track of Sun Zhongshan's thought of local autonomy. As an important political task, Sun Zhongshan gradually included local autonomy in the political platform of the Kuomintang. In the first Congress of the Kuomintang, a programmatic document, the outline of the Founding of the people's Republic of China, was adopted, in which the foundation of the establishment of local autonomy was established in the political platform of the Kuomintang. Then the paper points out the difference between the thought of local autonomy of Sun Zhongshan and that of Europe and America, and thinks that the thought of local autonomy of Sun Zhongshan is a unique theory of autonomy formed in combination with the concrete reality of China and the reference of local autonomy of Europe and the United States. The paper then describes the preliminary practice of the local autonomy thought of Sun Zhongshan after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government. In the late 1920s, the Nanjing National Government passed a large number of laws and regulations on local autonomy one after another. It also describes in detail the inheritance of the local autonomy policy of the Nanjing National Government to the thought of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy in this period, but the actual effect of the local autonomy policy of the Nanjing National Government at that time was far from ideal due to the constraints of various factors. The Nanjing National Government then amended the policy of local autonomy and tried to infiltrate local autonomy with the system of Baojia and replace the former system of the rump neighborhood with the system of Baojia below the township. This paper expounds the origin and development of Baojia system, points out the difference between Baojia and autonomy, and tries to clarify the different attitudes of Nanjing National Government to autonomy and Baojia. The paper then discusses the process and reasons of the implementation of the new county system of the Nanjing National Government, and points out that the new county system is the essence of the integration of Baojia and local autonomy by the Nanjing National Government. The implementation of the new county system should be examined in the historical environment of the War of Resistance against Japan. During the period of the War of Resistance against Japan, the government must strengthen the centralization of power in order to effectively allocate all resources of the country to fight against Japan. Finally, the paper discusses the revision of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought by Nanjing National Government, and expounds the reasons why the Nanjing National Government revised Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought in the process of local governance. The paper points out that the guiding ideology of local autonomy of KMT President Jiang Jieshi is quite different from that of Sun Zhongshan. It is also an important reason that the local self-government policy is difficult to implement. The paper points out that it is not successful for the Nanjing National Government to implement local autonomy hastily on the premise of inadequate preparation conditions at the beginning of its establishment. Since then, the Nanjing National Government revised the thought of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy more than inherited, which is not only the product of the social environment at that time, but also the request of the Nanjing National Government itself.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K262.9

【引证文献】