20世纪50年代中华书局的社会主义改造研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 20:36

本文选题：20世纪50年代 + 中华书局　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为近代著名出版机构,中华书局在中国近代文化史上具有举足轻重的历史地位。1912年元旦中华书局紧随中华民国的步伐成立,在民国动荡不安,文化交流频繁的社会环境中,它逐渐形成了自己的模式与特色,打破了出版界商务印书馆独占鳌头的局面,成为民国时期第二大出版机构。经过二十多年的发展,至1937年中华书局迎来了鼎盛时期,此后,由于社会大环境的变迁、国家出版政策的约束、人民阅读趣味的转移以及两大主要业务的萎缩,中华书局在新中国建立前后陷入严重的发展困境。对此,基于利用与改造的目的,在“统筹兼顾,分工合作”的出版政策的指导下,国家对中华书局进行了适当的帮扶,并通过督促其整顿领导机构,实行内部改革;出版发行分工,组建“中图公司”;规划出版方向,实行加工订货等方式对其进行了初步的整顿与改造。国家的帮扶与初步改造对于缓解中华书局的困境有一定的作用,但没有从根本上扭转其严重亏损的局面。1953年中华书局申请全面公私合营,出版总署鉴于其合营的时机已然成熟,通过组建工作队伍、发动职工、清估资产、清理负债、确定股权、安置人员等,对其进行了进一步的社会主义改造,至1954年5月1日中华书局全面公私合营工作基本完成,改组为财政经济出版社。全面公私合营后,中华书局的企业性质发生了根本改变,出版方向调整为“出版为主,专业财经”,并形成了“一个机构,两块招牌”的特殊经营格局,经营状况上亦改变了多年来严重亏损的局面,逐渐转亏为盈。国家的社会主义改造对保存中华书局之基业具有重要意义,但也存在失当之处。在改造过程中过于强调分工,对合作问题不够重视导致出版社与书店之间相互推诿;中华书局在全面公私合营后被改造为财政经济出版社,古老的品牌特色在社会主义改造的浪潮中逐渐褪色;国家对中华书局出版方向的调整一波三折,但都不切合中华书局的实际情况,造成书局内部的动荡与混乱;私营出版人才被排挤和轻视,难以担当重任,使得新成立的出版社在出版工作上出现了不少问题。
[Abstract]:As a famous publishing institution in modern times, Zhonghua Book Company plays an important role in the history of Chinese modern culture. In 1912, New Year's Day Book Company followed the steps of the Republic of China, and in the social environment where the Republic of China was unstable and cultural exchanges were frequent, It gradually formed its own mode and characteristics, broke the publishing business press dominant situation, became the second largest publishing organization in the Republic of China. After more than 20 years of development, by 1937 Zhonghua Bookstore ushered in the heyday period. Since then, due to the changes of the social environment, the restriction of the state publishing policy, the transfer of people's reading interest and the shrinking of the two major businesses, Before and after the establishment of New China, Zhonghua Bookstore fell into a serious dilemma of development. In this regard, based on the purpose of utilization and reform, under the guidance of the publishing policy of "overall consideration, division of work and cooperation", the state has given proper support to the Zhonghua Book Company and has carried out internal reform by urging it to rectify its leading institutions; The division of labor of publishing and distribution, the establishment of "Zhongtu Company", the planning of publishing direction, the implementation of processing and ordering, etc, have carried out a preliminary rectification and transformation. The state's support and initial reform have played a certain role in alleviating the plight of Zhonghua Book Company, but it has not fundamentally reversed its serious loss. In 1953, Zhonghua Book Company applied for a comprehensive public-private joint venture, and since the time was ripe for the joint venture, the Publishing General Administration. Through the establishment of a work force, the mobilization of staff and workers, the liquidation of assets, the clearing of liabilities, the determination of equity, the placement of personnel, and so on, further socialist transformation was carried out. By May 1, 1954, the comprehensive public-private joint venture of the Zhonghua Book Company had basically been completed. Be reorganized into financial and economic publishing house. After the full public-private joint venture, the nature of the Zhonghua Book Company has undergone a fundamental change, and the publishing direction has been adjusted to "publishing as the main body, professional finance and economics," and has formed a special management pattern of "one organization and two signboards." Operating conditions have also changed for many years of serious loss situation, gradually turn deficit into profit. The socialist transformation of the country is of great significance to the preservation of the basic business of Zhonghua Book Company, but there are also some missteps. Too much emphasis on division of labor in the process of transformation, insufficient attention to the issue of cooperation between publishing houses and bookstores between the prevarication; Zhonghua Book Company was transformed into a financial and economic publishing house after a comprehensive public-private joint venture. The ancient brand characteristics gradually fade in the wave of socialist transformation, the state's adjustment of the publishing direction of Zhonghua Book Company is a series of twists and turns, but it does not accord with the actual situation of Zhonghua Book Company, resulting in the turbulence and chaos inside the bookshop. The private publishing talent is excluded and despised, and it is difficult to bear the heavy responsibility, which causes many problems in the publishing work of the newly established publishing house.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27

【参考文献】