清末筹还国债运动探析

发布时间：2018-06-09 01:34

本文选题：天津商会 + 筹还国债运动　；参考：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 19世纪末20世纪初的中国社会,满目疮痍。在经历了甲午中日战争、八国联军侵华战争之后,清王朝处于风雨飘摇之中。《马关条约》和《辛丑条约》的巨额赔款,更使清政府背负了沉重的债务。同时,清政府面临的内忧外患状况也迫使其不得不进行改革以维护其统治,清末新政便是这种社会状况下的应激反应。因新政而产生并强大起来的商会组织,在20世纪初中国社会生活的各个方面发生了作用,并试图通过运用其所拥有的社会的力量,实现为国分忧、为民请命的使命。由天津商会发起的1909至1910年的全国性的筹还国债运动,就是其中一个重要事件。所谓筹还国债,是指由天津商会发起,试图动员全国各社会阶层,通过民间筹集的方式,筹集到足够的资金,替清政府归还因甲午、庚子两次战争赔款所欠的巨额外债,以避免列强借外债问题监督中国财政的严重局面。这个号召震动全国,产生了一场为时一年之久的全国性运动。本文将全面考察这场运动。主要分三个部分:首先,天津商会是如何动员社会力量开展筹还国债运动的。其次,各省的绅界、商界、学界是怎样响应天津商会的号召开展运动的,在这场运动中,历来与民间运动持对立态度的清政府是如何与运动保持良好关系的。再次,运动持续了一年最终失败了,它是怎样失败的,为什么会失败。本文将通过以上问题剖析,理清清末筹还国债运动的发生发展的基本线索,借以考察以天津商会为代表的商会组织在市民社会中的地位和作用,使今人对筹还国债这场大体了解但知之不深的事件,有个基本清晰完整的概念。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century, Chinese society was devastated. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 and the invasion of China by the allied forces of the eight powers, the Qing Dynasty was in turmoil. The huge indemnities of the Treaty of the people's Republic of China and the Treaty of Xin Chou made the Qing government burdened with heavy debts. At the same time, the internal and external situation of the Qing government forced it to carry on the reform to maintain its rule. The New deal of the late Qing Dynasty was the stress reaction under this kind of social condition. In the early 20th century, the organization of chambers of commerce, which was created and strengthened by the New deal, played a role in all aspects of social life in China, and tried to use the social power it possessed to realize the mission of sharing national worries and asking for the people's orders. One of the important events was the nationwide campaign for raising and returning national debt launched by the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce from 1909 to 1910. The so-called "raising and returning of national debt" is initiated by the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce in an attempt to mobilize all social strata throughout the country and raise funds through the private sector. Sufficient funds were raised to pay off the huge foreign debts owed by the Qing government due to the reparations for the two wars in 1894 and 1894, so as to avoid the serious situation of the foreign powers borrowing foreign debts to supervise China's finances. The call shook the country and produced a year-long national campaign. This article will examine this movement comprehensively. It is divided into three parts: first, Tianjin Chamber of Commerce is how to mobilize social forces to carry out the campaign to raise national debt. Secondly, how did the gentry, business and academic circles in various provinces respond to the call of the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce to carry out the movement? in this movement, the Qing government, which has always held an antagonistic attitude to the folk movement, maintained a good relationship with the movement. Again, the movement lasted a year and finally failed, how it failed and why it failed. Through the analysis of the above problems, this paper will clear up the basic clues of the movement of raising and returning the national debt in the late Qing Dynasty, so as to investigate the status and role of the chamber of commerce organizations represented by the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce in the civil society. To give people a general understanding of the issue of the return of treasury bonds, but not well-known, there is a basic clear and complete concept.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K257

【参考文献】