南京国民政府时期洋米征税问题初探（1929-1936）

发布时间：2018-06-12 20:24

本文选题：南京国民政府 + 粮食贸易政策　；参考：《广州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：南京国民政府建立初期,由于自然灾害的频繁侵扰与国内封建势力的搜刮压榨,国内农业生产能力衰退,农民购买力薄弱,农村经济几乎全面崩溃。与此同时,在帝国主义农产品倾销狂潮中,大量洋米涌入国内。洋米倾销不但卷走巨额资金,挤占国内米谷市场,严重影响农村经济;还破坏粮食供求平衡,经常导致国内米谷相对过剩、。为了应对这场由洋米倾销而引发的粮食危机,南京国民政府在促进国内粮食流通的基础上实行了洋米征税政策,在一定程度上发挥抵御洋米倾销、保护国内粮食经济的作用。本文以南京国民政府的洋米征税政策实施始末作为历史线索,运用所能掌握的材料,着重对洋米倾销的经济原因和洋米征税政策的经济效果进行深入探讨,并兼述政府在推进洋米征税政策的过程所遇到的种种政治阻力及其影响。同时本文对洋米征税从酝酿到实施中相关社会阶层的表现也作出一定反映。本文在力求客观还原洋米征税问题的历史面貌的同时,旨在指出南京国民政府时期的洋米倾销只是造成此时期粮食危机的次要原因,危机的真正根源在于农业经济的衰退和国内粮食流通、分配中的种种政治弊端和社会的封建窒碍。这说明,只有在保证农业经济充分发展,粮食市场稳定有序的前提下,不失时机地推行粮食贸易政策,才能从根本上解决粮食问题,确保国家粮食经济长期、稳定、健康地发展。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the establishment of the national government of Nanjing, due to the frequent invasion of natural disasters and the crushing of the domestic feudal forces, the domestic agricultural production capacity declined, the farmers' purchasing power was weak, and the rural economy nearly collapsed. At the same time, large quantities of rice poured into the country in the dumping frenzy of the imperialist agricultural products. In order to cope with the grain crisis caused by the dumping of rice, the Nanjing national government implemented the foreign rice tax policy on the basis of promoting the domestic grain circulation, and to a certain extent resisted the tilting of the foreign rice. To protect the role of the domestic grain economy.
This paper takes the beginning and the end of the policy of the Nanjing national government as a historical clue and uses the materials it can grasp, focusing on the economic causes of the dumping of foreign rice and the economic effect of the foreign rice taxation policy, and the political resistance and influence of the government in the process of promoting the tax policy of the foreign rice. This article also reflects the performance of the relevant social strata from the ferment of rice to the implementation.
At the same time, this paper tries to objectively restore the historical features of the question of foreign rice taxation, and aims to point out that the dumping of foreign rice in the period of Nanjing's national government is only a secondary cause of the grain crisis in this period. The real root of the crisis lies in the decline of the agricultural economy and the circulation of grain in the country, the political malpractice in the distribution and the feudal obstruction of the society. In order to ensure the long-term, stable and healthy development of the national grain economy, the grain trade will be solved fundamentally only if the agricultural economy is fully developed and the grain market is stable and orderly.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K263

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