抗战胜利前夕知识界对战后中国问题的讨论

发布时间：2018-06-16 20:46

本文选题：抗战胜利前夕 + 知识界　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1944年以后,随着世界反法西斯战争各大战场进程的胜利推进,中国的抗日战争作为其中的一个重要组成部分,其最终的胜利也成为了不可逆转的事实。这时中国国内各方力量关注的焦点问题逐渐由“抵御外侮”转向了“和平建国”,于是“战后中国应该建立一个什么样的国家”这一问题就成为了当时中国社会面临的主要问题。围绕这一问题,国共两大党先后提出了各自的主张:国民党仍幻想在战后继续推行一党专政;中共则提出在战后建立一个包含各民主党派的联合政府;知识界作为当时继国共两大党之后的第三大政治势力的主体,以民盟为主要组织依托,以当时社会的众多民主刊物为平台,也围绕这一问题展开了讨论,表达了他们对战后中国问题的根本看法。本文主要分三个大的部分来研究当时知识界对战后中国问题的讨论:第一部分主要分析了抗战胜利前夕知识界对战后中国问题讨论的国际、国内背景。从国际上来看,当时知识界对战后中国问题的讨论主要受美国及其对华政策的影响;在国内,一方面主要是由于国共两大党都先后提出了各自的建国方案且不能为其所完全赞同;另一方面也在于抗战后期知识界自身力量的逐渐强大为其走向政治前台提供了前提条件。第二部分则主要以广大知识界人士在当时的众多民主刊物上发表的关于战后中国问题主张的言论为基础,从中提炼、总结了这一群体自身关于战后中国政治、军事和经济等主要问题的根本观点及其对国共两党建国主张的基本态度。第三部分在前两部分的基础上,进一步从政治、军事和经济三个主要方面揭示了知识界关于战后中国问题讨论的实质:他们其实就是要在中国建立一个类似西方的资产阶级民主共和国。继而通过深刻剖析其时代进步性及历史局限性,揭示了该方案在中国的最终历史命运。
[Abstract]:After 1944, with the victorious progress of the world anti-fascist war, China's anti-Japanese war as an important part of the war, its final victory has become an irreversible fact. At this time, the focus of attention of various forces in China gradually shifted from "resisting foreign aggression" to "building a peaceful nation." Thus, the question of what kind of state should be established in postwar China became the main problem facing Chinese society at that time. Around this issue, the KMT and the CPC have put forward their respective propositions: the KMT still fantasizes about the continuation of the one-party dictatorship after the war, while the CPC proposes to establish a coalition government that includes the democratic parties after the war; As the main body of the third largest political force after the two major parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party at that time, the intellectual circles, relying on the Democratic League as the main organization and taking numerous democratic publications of the society at that time as the platform, also launched discussions around this issue. Expressed their fundamental views on the postwar China issue. This paper is divided into three parts to study the intellectual discussion of postwar China: the first part mainly analyzes the international and domestic background of the intellectual discussion on postwar China before the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. Internationally, the intellectual debate on the post-war China issue was mainly influenced by the United States and its China policy; at home, On the one hand, because both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party put forward their own founding plans successively and could not be fully approved by them; on the other hand, the gradual strength of the intellectual circles in the later period of the War of Resistance against Japan provided the precondition for them to go to the political foreground. The second part is mainly based on the opinions about the postwar China issue published by the vast numbers of intellectuals in numerous democratic publications at that time, and abstracts from them and summarizes this group's own postwar Chinese politics. The basic views of military and economic issues and their basic attitude towards the founding of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In the third part, on the basis of the first two parts, from the perspective of politics, Three major aspects of the military and economy revealed the essence of the intellectual debate on postwar China: they were actually trying to establish a bourgeois democratic republic in China similar to that of the West. Then it reveals the ultimate historical fate of the scheme in China by deeply analyzing its progressive nature and historical limitation.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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