民国时期常德地区水灾研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 12:29

本文选题：民国时期 + 常德地区　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：常德地区位于长江中游的荆江沿岸，湖南省西北部，洞庭湖地区，西枕武陵山脉，北邻湖北省西南部，南靠益阳，东临洞庭湖。明中后期以来，水灾成为这一地区最主要的自然灾害，给人民的生活带来了巨大的危害。因此，研究这一地区的水灾问题显得十分重要。民国时期常德地区水灾频频发生，探讨水灾做造成的影响，并深入探究水灾发生的原因、减灾防灾及赈灾救灾措施等。民国时期常德地区几乎每年都出现水灾，这与自然因素及社会因素密切相关。一般来说，自然因素我们很难改变，但是造成水灾的社会因素诸如森林植被破坏，水土流失严重；围湖造田，大肆圈地；赈灾不力；兵燹连年；水利失修等情况，都是人力能够改变的。为了减少水灾发生带来的巨大损失，政府采取了减灾防灾措施：建仓储粮、水利建设、植树造林等措施，希冀防患于未然，但由于执行过程中出现事与愿违的情况，以致减灾防灾措施多属一纸空文。或由于自然或由于人为原因，水灾发生后，当时政府虽采取了各种措施来赈灾救灾：蠲免赋税、急赈、工赈、农赈等，但是由于赈灾人员中饱私囊，名为“赈灾救灾”，实为“加重灾害”，并没有改变灾民的境况；民国时期民间出现了不少慈善团体，他们的一些赈灾救灾措施在某种程度上对减轻灾害影响、拯救灾民生活起到了一定的作用。尽管有部分赈灾救灾措施是有效的，但是水灾的发生不可避免的给农业、工商业、社会秩序等方面造成极坏的影响。研究民国时期常德地区的水灾的意义十分重大，，既可以丰富地方灾荒史的研究，又对于我们当今社会水灾防治提供经验和教训。
[Abstract]:Changde region is located along the Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, northwest of Hunan Province, Dongting Lake area, west of Xinwuling Mountains, north of southwestern Hubei Province, south of Yiyang, east of Dongting Lake. Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, flood has become the most important natural disaster in this area and brought great harm to people's life. Therefore, it is very important to study the flood problem in this area. In the period of the Republic of China, the flood occurred frequently in Changde area, the influence caused by the flood was discussed, and the causes of the flood, the measures of disaster reduction, disaster prevention and disaster relief, etc. In the period of the Republic of China, there were floods almost every year in Changde area, which was closely related to natural and social factors. Generally speaking, natural factors are difficult to change, but social factors that cause floods, such as forest vegetation destruction, serious soil erosion, reclamation of lakes and fields, inadequate disaster relief, successive years of war and water conservancy disrepair, etc. All can be changed by manpower. In order to reduce the huge losses caused by the flood, the government has taken measures for disaster reduction and prevention: grain storage, water conservancy construction, afforestation, etc., in the hope of preventing trouble in the first place, but due to the situation of backtracking in the course of implementation, As a result, disaster reduction and prevention measures are mostly empty paper. Or because of natural or man-made reasons, after the flood, although the government adopted various measures for disaster relief at that time, such as tax relief, emergency relief, relief for work, relief for agriculture, etc., but because the disaster relief personnel had ploughed their own pockets, it was called "disaster relief and relief." In fact, "aggravating disasters" did not change the situation of the victims. In the period of the Republic of China, many charitable organizations appeared, and some of their disaster relief measures played a certain role in mitigating the impact of disasters and saving the lives of the victims. Although some of the disaster relief measures are effective, the occurrence of floods will inevitably have a very bad impact on agriculture, industry and commerce, social order, and so on. It is of great significance to study the flood in Changde area during the period of the Republic of China, which can not only enrich the study of the history of local famine, but also provide experience and lessons for flood prevention and control in our society today.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P426.616;K258

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