华中抗日根据地冬学运动研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 09:43

本文选题：华中抗日根据地 + 冬学运动　；参考：《扬州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 抗战爆发后,中国共产党提出了动员全国军民开展民族解放战争,实行全面抗战的路线。然而,我国农村民众文化素质的普遍低下与全面抗战的需求形成矛盾,这尤其表现在中国共产党领导的广大敌后抗日根据地。为充分动员广大民众投入抗日洪流,巩固抗日根据地,争取抗日战争的最后胜利,对抗日根据地的民众进行社会教育,提高他们的政治觉悟和文化素质尤为必要。冬学,作为利用冬季农闲时间为广大民众实施的一种补习教育形式,因其适应了抗战教育的要求及农业生产和农村生活的特点而在抗战时期迅速发展,成为各抗日根据地社会教育中最大量、最经常、最有效的方式。抗战前中国共产党关于民众教育的理论与实践,为日后抗日根据地大规模开展冬学运动提供了理论和实践的准备。华中抗日根据地在借鉴其它根据地开展冬学运动经验的基础上,结合当地的实际情况,使冬学运动开展的有声有色,其发展大致经历了起步、发展、繁荣三个阶段。根据地冬学采用了灵活多样的教学形式,各级地方政府高度重视冬学工作,在冬学教材、教学内容、冬学教师的选拔与培训、冬学经费及教学设备等方面都做了大量细致工作,有力推动了冬学运动的发展。华中抗日根据地冬学运动历史作用主要在于:改造传统社会文化和社会心理,推动民众的政治觉醒,提高他们的文化水平,激发他们的抗战爱国意识和民主意识,使根据地农民的现代性得到极大提升;在华中各根据地抗日民主政权的施政过程中,冬学运动作为发动群众抗日和领导农村革命的重要手段之一,有效锻炼和提高了党在局部地区的执政能力;立足当时的抗日实际,植根于群众生产生活实际,采用老百姓喜闻乐见的形式,在坚持实现马克思主义中国化的同时,始终致力于马克思主义的大众化,取得了较好的效果。华中地区冬学运动的成功开展离不开根据地领导的高度重视和有力的宣传组织工作,同时根据地结合当地实际情况有针对性的开展工作,逐渐探索出有地方特色的冬学形式。当然,冬学运动也存在着作为战时体制下开展起来的社会教育又不可避免地存在以下不足:学习的有用性强调得不够;过分强调了阶级教育和时政教育,忽视了教育的全面性;计划不够周密,工作重点的不够突出。这些不足不可避免地在一定程度上影响了冬学的质量和效果,值得总结和思考。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party of China put forward the line of mobilizing the army and the people throughout the country to carry out the war of national liberation and carry out the comprehensive war of resistance. However, the general low cultural quality of the rural people in our country is in contradiction with the demand of the total anti-Japanese war, especially in the vast anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy lines led by the Communist Party of China. In order to fully mobilize the masses to participate in the anti-Japanese flood, consolidate the anti-Japanese base areas, and strive for the final victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it is particularly necessary to carry out social education for the people in the anti-Japanese base areas and to improve their political consciousness and cultural quality. Winter study, as a form of tutoring education carried out for the general public by using the agricultural leisure time in winter, developed rapidly during the War of Resistance against Japan because of its adaptation to the requirements of education in the War of Resistance against Japan and the characteristics of agricultural production and rural life. To become the largest, most frequent, and most effective way of social education in the anti-Japanese base areas. The theory and practice of the Chinese Communist Party on mass education before the Anti-Japanese War provided theoretical and practical preparation for the large-scale development of the winter study movement in the anti-Japanese base areas in the future. On the basis of drawing lessons from the experience of other places to carry out winter study movement and combining with the actual situation in central China's anti-Japanese base area, the development of winter study movement has generally experienced three stages: start, development and prosperity. The local governments at all levels attach great importance to the study of winter, and have done a great deal of meticulous work in the fields of teaching materials, teaching contents, selection and training of winter study teachers, funds for winter studies and teaching equipment, etc. The development of the winter study movement was promoted by the strong force. The historical function of the winter study movement in Central China's anti-Japanese base area mainly lies in: reforming the traditional social culture and social psychology, promoting the people's political awakening, raising their cultural level, arousing their patriotic consciousness and democratic consciousness in the War of Resistance against Japan. The modernity of the peasants in the base areas has been greatly enhanced. In the administration of the anti-Japanese democratic regime in various base areas in Central China, the Winter study Movement was one of the important means of arousing the masses' resistance to Japan and leading the rural revolution. It has effectively exercised and improved the Party's ability to govern in local areas, based on the actual situation of resistance against Japan at that time, rooted in the reality of mass production and life, adopted a form popular with the common people, and insisted on realizing the Sinicization of Marxism at the same time. Always committed to the popularization of Marxism, has achieved better results. The successful development of the winter study movement in central China can not be separated from the high attention of the leaders of the base area and the strong propaganda and organization work, and at the same time, according to the actual situation of the local area, it can be carried out pertinently, and gradually explore the winter study form with local characteristics. Of course, the winter study movement also has the following shortcomings: the usefulness of learning is not emphasized enough, the education of class and current politics is overemphasized, and the comprehensiveness of education is neglected. The plan is not well planned and the focus of work is not strong enough. These deficiencies inevitably affect the quality and effect of winter study to some extent, and are worth summing up and thinking.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K269.5

【引证文献】