民国时期冀南地区会道门研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 02:44

本文选题：民国时期 + 冀南　；参考：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 东汉末年以来,秘密社会作为反政府的力量长期存在,虽经历代统治者采取严厉镇压措施,但是始终难以将其根绝。清末民初,秘密社会逐渐发生蜕变,民间秘密教门发展为会道门。民国时期,由于国家的控制力减弱,会道门得到了大发展,有的在社会上公开活动,成为社会公益团体或慈善团体；有的则拥有武装力量,成为民间地方政治势力的统治者,对社会政治、军事等方面产生了巨大的影响。冀南位于晋冀鲁豫四省交界地区。由于政府控制力比较薄弱,造成了冀南、鲁西、豫北等地的匪患严重,秘密教门活动频繁。冀南的秘密教门历史悠久,是明清时期多种秘密教门的发源地或活动地,并多次爆发反政府的武装起义。民国时期,战乱不断,政府对地方的控制比较薄弱,缺乏稳定的社会环境。面对严重的匪患,冀南地方士绅组织民团来防御土匪,而民团有很大一部分就是由会道门武装发展而来,成为他们维护乡村统治的有力工具。本文以民国时期的会道门为例,按照民国时期的四个阶段,来展示在不同时期冀南地区会道门的发展情况。北洋军阀政府时期,由于军阀混战,土匪蜂起,会道门武装的最初活动主要是抵御土匪。国民军北伐时,由于奉系军阀的横征暴敛,在共产党的指导下,会道门发动了反对苛捐杂税、打倒军阀的活动,对国民大革命起了支持作用。南京国民政府时期,社会的相对稳定,会道门的反政府活动日益减少,主要活动表现为是新式会道门的慈善活动。抗战时期,由于日军的入侵,社会再次失控,会道门第二次兴起,几乎各县各村都有会道门组织,形成了强大的民间武装力量。共产党、国民党、日伪军对会道门采取了不同的政策,在不同的政治势力的角逐面前,会道门出现了前所未有的分化,有的成为日寇的侵略工具,有的成为国民党的反共工具,有的则在共产党的领导下成长为抗日力量。解放战争时期,会道门基本投向国民党,与中共为敌,进行各种破坏活动,但是在共产党的打击下,会道门势力随着国民党的日渐败退而趋于衰落。建国后,由于利益的不同和会道门对新生政权的危害性,中共政权对冀南会道门进行了彻底的取缔。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the secret society, as a force against the government, has existed for a long time. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the secret society gradually changed. During the period of the Republic of China, due to the weakening of the state's control, the Huidaogen was greatly developed. Some of them openly carried out activities in society and became public welfare organizations or charitable organizations. Some of them had armed forces and became rulers of local political forces among the people. To the social politics, the military and so on has produced the huge influence. Southern Hebei is located at the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Henan provinces. Because of the weak government control, the banditry in southern Hebei, western Shandong and northern Henan is serious, and secret teaching activities are frequent. The secret sect in southern Hebei Province has a long history. It was the birthplace or activity place of many secret schools in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and many armed uprisings against the government broke out. During the period of Republic of China, the government had weak control over local areas and lacked a stable social environment. In the face of serious banditry, the local gentry in southern Hebei organized the militia to defend against the bandits, and a large part of the militia was developed by the armed forces of Huidaomen and became a powerful tool for their maintenance of rural rule. This paper takes the Huidaomen of the Republic of China as an example, according to the four stages of the Republic of China, to show the development of the Huidaomen in the south of Hebei Province in different periods. During the period of the Northern warlord government, because of the warlords' melee, bandits started up, and the initial activities of the Huidaomen armed were mainly to resist the bandits. During the Northern Expedition of the National Army, under the guidance of the Communist Party, the Guidaomen launched the campaign against exorbitant taxes and overthrew the warlords, which played a supporting role in the National Revolution. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the society was relatively stable, and the anti-government activities of Huidaomen were decreasing day by day. During the Anti-Japanese War, due to the invasion of the Japanese army, the society lost control again, the second rise of Huidaomen, almost every county and every village has the organization of the Huidaomen, formed the powerful folk armed forces. The Communist Party, the Kuomintang, and the Japanese puppet troops have adopted different policies towards the Hui Dao Gate. In the face of the competition of different political forces, there has been an unprecedented division in the club-Taoist gate, which has become an aggressive tool of the Japanese aggressors and an anti-communist tool of the Kuomintang. Some have grown into anti-Japanese forces under the leadership of the Communist Party. During the War of Liberation, the Huidaogen basically turned to the Kuomintang, became the enemy of the Chinese Communist Party, and carried out all kinds of sabotage activities. However, under the attack of the Communist Party, the forces of the Hui Dao Gate tended to decline with the gradual defeat of the Kuomintang. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, because of the difference of interests and the harmfulness to the new regime, the Communist regime completely banned the Huidaomen in the south of Hebei Province.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K262.9

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