毛泽东湖南农民运动考察研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 03:17

  本文选题：毛泽东 + 湖南农民运动考察　； 参考：《南京大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本论文主要解决三大问题:毛泽东开展湖南农民运动考察、写作《湖南农民运动考察报告》的历史背景和真正目的;毛泽东考察湖南农民运动的详细经过;毛泽东的湖南农民运动考察和《湖南农民运动考察报告》在毛泽东思想发展以及中国革命道路选择上的地位与作用。毛泽东考察湖南农民运动是在社会舆论对农民运动一片"过激"、"过火"的声浪中进行的。在1920年代的国民革命中,随着反封建斗争的逐步深入,革命话语日益丰富,不仅"土豪劣绅"等话语应运而生,而且广大乡村地区的革命民众发现了近在咫尺的"革命敌人"。在北伐胜利进军的鼓舞下,农民运动对以土豪劣绅和封建制度为代表的传统社会进行猛烈打击。在急速发展的湖南农民运动中,乡村原有的社会矛盾不断地被揭示,广大民众的斗争激情一再被点燃,这使得"铲除土豪劣绅"的运动迅速扩大并过激,利益受损者大造反对农民运动的舆论,整个社会对此沸沸扬扬。对农民运动的不同观点迅速反映到革命阵营内,使得阵营内部充满了矛盾纷争。当时土豪劣绅恶意诋毁农运并作势反扑,国共两党力量悬殊、国民党右派蠢蠢欲动,国民革命军内部也产生了日益浓厚的反农运情绪,因此不仅湖南农民运动面临扼杀的危险,而且农运的领导者——共产党也面临着巨大的生存危机。毛泽东未雨绸缪,为力所能及地拓展共产党的生存发展空间,以进一步推进国民革命,毅然下乡考察农运。毛泽东在1927年前开展了大量农村调查。国民革命中他日益认识到了蕴藏在农民中的巨大革命力量,对农民问题的重要性也有了日益深刻的认识,这为他的农运考察奠定了事实经验与思想基础。农运考察前,毛泽东已树立"国民革命的中心问题是农民问题","农民问题不解决,国民革命不会成功"两大核心观念,但是对一些具体问题还没有很深切的认识。论文在力所能及地挖掘和整理档案文献资料的基础上,首次较为完整、清晰、详细地考证了毛泽东考察湖南农民运动的整个过程。从1927年1月4日至2月5日,毛泽东对湘潭、湘乡、衡山、醴陵、长沙五县进行考察,行程1400余里。考察中,毛泽东召开了大量的座谈会、报告会和群众大会,还开展了大量的个人访谈。他在考察时不断提醒下级党支部和农协干部,国民党右派迟早会叛变,国共两党的革命统一战线迟早要破裂,因此基层党组织和共产党员要做好一切应变准备。此外,他还就党的组织发展、农协武装、坚决斗争土豪劣绅等作了大量指示、演讲和报告。毛泽东给中共湖南区委的汇报以及给党校、团校的报告,促使中共湖南区委的农运政策迅速转向;其后《湖南农民运动考察报告》的发表,也对湖南农民运动的重新高涨起了进一步的推动作用。陈独秀等人为了维护革命统一战线,实行压制农运、迁就国民党右派的妥协退让政策,《湖南农民运动考察报告》的发表一度遭到压制,中共中央机关报——《向导》甚至中途停刊。毛泽东在日益混乱和危急的局势中坚持自己的主见。在对中国革命何去何从的重大问题上,他在农运考察和考察报告中已有思想的基础上进一步发展,逐渐形成自己的革命方略:与共产国际和斯大林路线截然不同的中国革命战略。在中共党内,他的坚决与陈独秀的隐让退缩形成鲜明对比:马日事变后,毛泽东虽然在武汉国民党中央军事委员会上不主张用武力解决问题,但只要没有国共两党高层的压制,他就坚决主张对反动派开展坚决斗争。在湖南衡山等地,他一再强调加强武装准备。八七会议上,他提出"枪杆子里面出政权"的论断,力主开展独立的武装斗争;在随后的秋收起义和井冈山斗争中,毛泽东不仅将革命的主要方向和重心由城市转向农村,而且将土地革命、武装斗争、根据地建设、党的建设等在农村的革命环境中统一起来,从而开创了工农武装割据、农村包围城市的中国革命道路。在分析评价毛泽东的农民运动考察和《湖南农民运动考察报告》时,本文力所能及地不为毛泽东的话语和文本所局限,而是结合湖南人的性格,乡村传统恩仇文化以及晚清民初以来具体的经济社会环境进行分析。作为毛泽东青年时代的一篇重要文章,《湖南农民运动考察报告》的版本和修改较多,本文附录对1927年的《战士》初版与1951年毛泽东亲自改定的《毛泽东选集》版本进行了详细对照,并对相关修改进行了分析统计。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly solves three major problems: Mao Zedong carries out the Hunan peasant movement investigation, writes the historical background and the real purpose of the Hunan peasant movement survey report; Mao Zedong examines the detailed course of the peasant movement in Hunan; Mao Zedong's Hunan peasant movement investigation and the Hunan peasant movement inspection report > in Mao Zedong thought development and China The position and function of the choice of the revolutionary road. Mao Zedong inspects the movement of the peasants of Hunan in the sound waves of "excessive" and "excessive" in the movement of the peasant movement. In the national revolution of 1920s, with the gradual deepening of the anti feudal struggle, the revolutionary discourse was rich and rich, not only the "local tyrants and evil gentry" and so on, but also the vast majority of the words of "the local tyrants and evil gentry" and so on. The revolutionary people in the rural areas found the "revolutionary enemy" in close proximity. Inspired by the victory of the northern expedition, the peasant movement had a violent blow to the traditional society represented by the local tyrants and evil gentry and the feudal system. In the rapid development of the Hunan peasant movement, the original social contradictions in the countryside were constantly revealed and the struggle of the masses was stimulated. The movement of "eradicating the local tyrants and evil gentry" has been rapidly expanded and excused, and the people who have lost the interests of the peasants have made great efforts to oppose the public opinion of the peasant movement, and the whole society is boiling up. The different views of the peasant movement are quickly reflected in the revolutionary camp, making the camp filled with contradictions and disputes. The opposition of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Rightists of the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang's Rightists, and the growing anti peasant movement in the National Revolutionary Army, are not only dangerous to the strangulation of the peasant movement in Hunan, but also the Communist Party of Agriculture, the Communist Party, which is faced with a huge crisis of survival. To develop the space for the survival and development of the Communist Party, to further promote the national revolution and to go to the countryside to investigate the agricultural transport. Mao Zedong carried out a large number of rural investigations before 1927. In the national revolution, he became increasingly aware of the huge revolutionary forces in the peasants and had a deeper understanding of the importance of the farmers' problems, which was an investigation for his agricultural transport. Before the investigation of agricultural transportation, Mao Zedong has set up the two core concepts of "the central issue of the national revolution, the problem of farmers", "the problem of farmers will not be solved, the national revolution will not succeed", but there is no deep understanding of some specific problems. On the basis, the first more complete, clear and detailed examination of the whole process of Mao Zedong's investigation of the movement of Hunan farmers was made. From January 4, 1927 to February 5th, Mao Zedong inspected five counties in Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Heng Mountain, Liling and Changsha. During the survey, Mao Zedong held a large number of symposiums, reports and mass meetings, and also carried out A large number of personal interviews. During his investigation, he kept reminding the lower Party branch and the cadres of the Agricultural Association, the Kuomintang rightists would mutiny sooner or later, and the revolutionary united front of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China would break up sooner or later, so that the party organizations and communists at the grass-roots level should prepare for all the contingencies. In addition, he also made a strong struggle against the local tyrants and evil gentry on the party's organizational development, the Agricultural Association and the Communist Party. A large number of instructions, speeches and reports, Mao Zedong's report to the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the report to the Party school and the League school to prompt the agricultural transport policy of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the publication of the Hunan peasant movement review report, also played a further role in the further promotion of the peasant movement in Hunan. Chen Duxiu and others made a further contribution. To maintain the revolutionary united front, to suppress the agricultural transport and to move to the compromise and concessions of the Rightists of the Kuomintang, the publication of the report of the Hunan peasant movement inspection report was once suppressed, the central organ of the Communist Party of China, the guide of the Communist Party of China, even stopped in the midway. In the increasingly chaotic and critical situation, Mao Zedong has persisted in his own opinion. On the major issue, he developed further on the basis of his thought in the investigation and investigation report of the agricultural transportation, and gradually formed his own revolutionary strategy: the Chinese revolutionary strategy is different from the Communist International and the Stalin line. In the Party of the Communist Party, his firm and Chen Duxiu's concealed withdrawal form a sharp contrast: after the Ma day incident, Mao Zedong though However, the Central Military Committee of the Kuomintang, Wuhan, did not advocate the use of force to solve the problem, but as long as there was no suppression by the high-level two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he insisted on a resolute struggle against the reactionaries. In Hunan and Heng Mountain, he repeatedly stressed the strengthening of armed preparation. At the 87 meeting, he proposed the argument of "the political power inside the gun." In the subsequent Autumn Harvest Uprising and Jinggangshan struggle, Mao Zedong not only turned the main direction and center of gravity of the revolution from the city to the countryside, but also unified the land revolution, the armed struggle, the base area construction, the party construction and so on in the rural revolutionary environment, thus opened the armed separatist of the workers and peasants, and surrounded the cities in the countryside. The Chinese revolutionary road. In the analysis and evaluation of Mao Zedong's peasant movement investigation and the report of the Hunan peasant movement inspection report, the power and land can not be limited to Mao Zedong's discourse and text, but an analysis of the character of the people of Hunan, the culture of the traditional revenge in the countryside and the economic and social environment since the early Qing Dynasty. As Mao Ze An important article in the East Youth era, the edition and revision of the Hunan peasant movement survey report is more. The appendix of this article makes a detailed contrast to the edition of the "Mao Zedong selection", which was changed by Mao Zedong personally in 1951 in 1927, and analyses the related revisions.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A841;K261.4
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本文编号：2076490