解放战争时期石家庄地区的还乡团与反还乡团斗争

发布时间：2018-06-28 17:16

本文选题：石家庄地区 + 还乡团　；参考：《河北师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：抗日战争胜利后不久,即1945年8月20日,以侯如墉为司令的国民党第一战区先遣军经平汉线抢占了石门(今石家庄)。而后,伴随着石家庄地区一些县城的解放和解放区反奸清算、土地改革的进行,高邑、赞皇等一些解放较早的解放区的反动地主和抗战时期充当走狗的汉奸、特务、恶霸和伪军纷纷逃亡到当时尚未解放的一些县城和据点,投靠在国民党武装的门下,接受当地国民党地方党部、政府的领导,组成党政军合一的国民党地方反动武装——还乡团。石家庄地区的还乡团主要集中在元氏县城和一些解放较晚的县城,人数大都在几十人至上百人不等,常以大队(队)为一级单位,下设分队、班。一个大队大都包括3-4个班,每班十个人左右。还乡团分子年龄从18岁-40岁不等,成员大都来自本县,少数来自外县;文化程度不高,官长一级的大都是国民党党员,在日伪时期大都在政府机构中任过职;而普通士兵来源复杂,大多数为农民,少数有工人、商人、学生、政府机关人员以及原日伪警察局人员,没有受过正规的军事训练。各县还乡团、队大都缺乏武器,不能做到人手一枪,枪支大都配备步枪、马枪,少数还乡团配有少量轻机枪、手榴弹、手掷弹;枪支种类不一,品种复杂;弹药供应不足。还乡团每月由当地国民党县政府拨付一定数额的生活补助、薪俸、薪捕,按照官阶的不同,还乡团成员分别领取不同的数额。有的还乡团、队还制定了统一的服装标准。军粮除了由当地国民党县政府供应一部分外,大部分需自己解决,还乡团为此在边沿区的农村里建立了由本村保长负责催缴军粮的制度。还乡团、队建立了比较严格的训练制度。在日常训练中,还乡团有固定的训练时间、科目、标准、守则和步兵训练方法,并通过建立战斗报告制度、开设干训班、召开联合座谈会、开展联防等措施妄图增强战斗力。还乡团的军纪军风状况欠佳。带队官长不尽管理训练的责任,士兵也经常不遵守规则,日常行为非常不端。为此,还乡团建立了战斗报告制度、工作日志制度,并通过加强日常教育、成立军风军纪调查团、设立执法大队纠察不正之风和签署保证书等多种措施加强军纪军风建设。在国民党地方部队的配合下,还乡团勾结解放区的反动地主,利用夜晚偷袭解放区,破坏解放区土改运动,进行阶级报复,专杀革命干部、土改积极分子及其家属,手段极其残忍,在元氏、高邑等县的边沿地区对人民群众犯下了滔天罪行。为了打击还乡团的嚣张气焰,石家庄地区解放区的党委、政府组织人民群众通过策略瓦解和武装斗争相结合的形式展开了反还乡团的斗争。一方面,采取政治攻势,思想瓦解,树立坦白释放的典型,以便从精神上瓦解敌人;深入进行土地改革,巩固解放区,加强农村基层政权;充分发挥县公安局的重要作用,加强社会治安管理,加强公安侦察工作;发展市场、开展贸易活动,巩固解放区。另一方面,加强地方武装力量建设,开展民兵联防、游击战、地雷战、地道战。伴随着解放战争进程的推进,正定、石家庄、元氏等地的纷纷解放,石家庄地区的还乡团终于覆灭。
[Abstract]:Shortly after the victory of the war of resistance against Japan, that is, in August 20, 1945, the first army of the Kuomintang, with Hou Ruyong as the commander of the Kuomintang, seized Shimen (today's Shijiazhuang). Then, with the liberation of some counties in Shijiazhuang and the liquidation of anti traitors in Jiefang District, the reform of the land, the reactionary of Jiefang District in Gaoyi, Zanhuang and other earlier liberated Jiefang District. The landlords and the traitors who acted as a walking dog in the period of the war of resistance, the secret service, the bully and the puppet army fled to some of the county towns and strongholds that had not been liberated at that time, and were placed under the door of the Kuomintang armed forces, accepted the local Party Department of the local Kuomintang, the leadership of the government, and formed the reactionary armed forces of the Kuomintang and the army of the party, government and army, the reactionary army of the Kuomintang.
The return regiments in the Shijiazhuang area are mainly concentrated in the Yuanshi County and some of the late county towns. The number of people is mostly in the top hundred people of dozens of people, often with a brigade (team) as a first level unit, a division, and a class. A large team consists of 3-4 classes and ten people in each class. The age of the return group is from the age of 18 to the age of -40, and the members are mostly from Ben County, a few from foreign counties; not high level of culture, most of the officials at the official level are party members of the Kuomintang, mostly in the period of the Japanese puppet government, and most of the ordinary soldiers have complex sources, most of them are farmers, a few workers, businessmen, students, government officials and former puppet police officers, and there are no regular military training. The counties have no formal military training. For the return of the township, the team is mostly lack of weapons and can not be shot by people. Most of the guns are equipped with rifles and horse guns. A small number of returning homecoming groups are equipped with a small amount of light machine guns, hand grenades, hand throwing bombs, different kinds of firearms, complex varieties of guns, and inadequate ammunition supply. On the other hand, the members of the homecoming group received a different amount. Some returned to the village, and the team also set up a uniform standard of clothing. In addition to the local Kuomintang county government supply, the military grain needs to be solved by the local Kuomintang county government. In the daily training, the returning home regiment has fixed training time, subjects, standards, codes and infantry training methods, and through the establishment of a combat report system, a training class, a joint forum, a joint defense and other measures to enhance the fighting capacity. The military discipline of the return group is not good. The leader of the team is not in spite of it. Because of the responsibility of training, the soldiers often do not obey the rules, and the daily behavior is very misleading. To this end, the returning home group established the fighting report system, the work log system, and by strengthening the daily education, set up the military discipline investigation group, set up the law enforcement Brigade to inspect the unhealthy tendency and sign the guarantee book and so on to strengthen the military discipline construction. With the cooperation of the local forces of the party, the reactionaries colluded the reactionary landlords in Jiefang District, attacked Jiefang District by night, destroyed the Jiefang District soil reform movement, carried out class retaliation, killed the revolutionary cadres, reformed the activists and their families, and made the cruelty to the people in the border areas of the yuan and Gaoyi counties.
In order to combat the arrogance of the return regiment, the Party committee of Jiefang District in Shijiazhuang and the government organized the people through the combination of strategic disintegration and armed struggle. On the one hand, the political offensive, the disintegration of the thought and the candid release of the canonical form in order to disintegrate the enemy spiritually; and carry out land reform in depth. In order to consolidate Jiefang District and strengthen grass-roots political power in rural areas, give full play to the important role of the County Public Security Bureau, strengthen the management of public security, strengthen the police reconnaissance work, develop the market, carry out trade activities and consolidate Jiefang District. On the other hand, strengthen the construction of local armed forces, carry out the militia joint defense, guerrilla warfare, landmine warfare, and ground war. The progress of the process, Zhengding, Shijiazhuang, Yuanshi and other places were liberated, and the return of the Shijiazhuang area finally collapsed.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K266.9

【参考文献】