论抗战时期国民政府社会部的社会救济

发布时间：2018-07-01 12:39

本文选题：中央社会部 + 社会部　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：抗战时期,国民政府设置了全国最高社会行政机构—社会部,主管非常时期的社会事业。社会部经历了中央社会部和行政院社会部。中央社会部属于党部,由党部主管；社会部改隶行政院后,属于政府,由政府主管。改隶后,接管中央社会部的部分职能并增设新职能,主管人民组训、社会运动、社会福利、社会救济、合作事业、人力动员等事业。因工作范围广,本文仅就社会部的社会救济这一职能展开论述。为有效在非常时期使政府救济这一事业发挥较好功效,社会部改隶行政院后,就设置专管社会救济事业的机构----社会福利司,由该司第五科主管。此外,因为是战争时期,国民政府还设有振济委员会来主管临时性的救济工作,而社会部则主管经常性的救济工作。这样,二者事权的划分有利于非常时期政府开展救济事业的相关工作。社会部为较好地发挥社会救济这一职能,颁布一系列法规、开设示范救济设施、开展相关救济运动、鼓励督导民间组织的慈善救济工作、推进地方救济事业的开展等。此外,因为是非常时期,所以社会部、振济委员会及其他相关机构和民间组织通力协调合作,在政府救济的主导下开展救济事业。改隶后,社会部主管社会救济事业,以国家意志来主导非常时期的救济工作,使政府救济由“慈善式”的救济转变为“福利式”的救济理念,变“消极式”的临时性救济为“积极式”的经常性救济。这也是在借鉴近代西方政府救济思想的基础上,结合本国实际来推进救济事业的工作。因处战争时期,政府在开展救济工作的时候,虽颁布诸多的法规条文,但大多停留在纸面上,并未认真地执行下去。加上自身的腐败、财力的不足、救济设施的不完善、人员的缺失及政府救济区域的狭小等,使得战时政府救济的实效并不理想。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government set up the country's highest social administration, the Ministry of Social Affairs, in charge of social undertakings during the extraordinary period. The Ministry of Social Affairs has experienced the Central Department of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Executive Yuan. The Central Ministry of Social Affairs belongs to the Party Department, which is in charge of the Party Department; after being transferred to the Executive Yuan, it belongs to the Government and is in charge of the Government. After the transfer, he took over part of the functions of the Central Ministry of Social Affairs and added new functions, in charge of the people's training, social movement, social welfare, social relief, cooperative undertakings, manpower mobilization and other undertakings. Because of the wide scope of work, this paper only discusses the social relief function of the Ministry of Social Affairs. In order to make the government relief work play a better role in the extraordinary period, the Ministry of Social Affairs transferred to the Executive Yuan, set up a special social relief organization-Social Welfare Division, by the fifth section of the Department of Social Welfare. In addition, because of the war, the National Government also set up a Zhenji Committee to take charge of temporary relief work, while the Ministry of Social Affairs was in charge of regular relief work. In this way, the division of the two powers is conducive to the government to carry out relief work during the extraordinary period. In order to give full play to the function of social relief, the Ministry of Social Affairs has promulgated a series of laws and regulations, set up model relief facilities, carried out relevant relief campaigns, encouraged the supervision of charitable relief work of non-governmental organizations, and promoted the development of local relief undertakings. In addition, because it is an extraordinary period, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Zhenji Committee and other relevant institutions and non-governmental organizations work together to carry out relief work under the leadership of government relief. After the transfer, the Ministry of Social Affairs was in charge of the social relief work, leading the relief work during the extraordinary period with the will of the state, so that the relief of the government changed from the "charitable" relief to the "welfare" relief concept. Change the temporary relief of the negative type into the regular relief of the positive type. On the basis of drawing lessons from the modern western government relief thought and combining with the reality of our country, this is to advance the relief work. During the war period, the government enacted many laws and regulations, but most of them stayed on paper and did not carry them out seriously. In addition, its own corruption, insufficient financial resources, imperfect relief facilities, lack of personnel and narrow government relief areas make the effectiveness of wartime government relief is not ideal.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

【引证文献】