晚清中外官员的往来仪节问题

发布时间：2018-07-04 12:17

本文选题：平行往来 + 地方交涉　；参考：《齐鲁学刊》2014年04期

【摘要】：自签订《中英江宁条约》後,清政府陆续开放通商口岸,各国政府也纷纷在这些通商口岸,设置领事馆,负责与中国地方官交涉商民事务。但因中外双方没有明文规范官员间的往来仪节,中外官员多自行其是,接待规格有高有低,容易产生误会。时间一久,各国领事和地方官员都感到困扰,屡生龃龉。经过几十年的磨合後,英国驻华公使威妥玛以"马嘉理案"为契机,要求清政府明确规范中外官员往来的相关仪节,遂制订《中外往来仪式节略》。由於中西礼仪概念的差异及国际秩序原理的冲突,让《中外往来仪式节略》虽提高了外国领事与外国传教士的礼秩位阶,得与越级与地方督抚公文往来,却未能彻底解决中外地方官员交涉冲突的问题。
[Abstract]:Since the signing of the Sino-British Treaty of Jiangning, the Qing government has opened ports of trade one after another, and governments of various countries have set up consulates in these ports to deal with local officials in China. However, the Chinese and foreign officials do not explicitly regulate the official exchange ceremony, Chinese and foreign officials do their own thing, the reception specifications are high and low, so it is easy to misunderstand. For a long time, consuls and local officials were troubled and quarrelsome. After decades of running in and out, British Minister to China Wade took the "Ma Jiali case" as an opportunity to ask the Qing government to clearly regulate the official exchanges between China and foreign countries, and then formulated the "Chinese and foreign official exchange ceremony abridged." As a result of the differences in the concept of etiquette between China and the West and the conflict of the principles of international order, although the ceremony Abstract of Chinese and Foreign exchanges raised the rank of ritual of foreign consuls and foreign missionaries, they were able to communicate with overstepping and local governors' official documents. However, the Chinese and foreign local officials have failed to solve the problem of conflict.
【作者单位】：浙江大学历史系;
【分类号】：K252;D691

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