近代东北地区警察制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 19:34

本文选题：近代 + 东北　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸦片战争以后，中国封闭的国门被打开，各种西方事物不断传入中国，这其中就包括近代西方的政治制度。作为西方政治制度的重要组成部分，警政从传入中国起就引起了国人的注意，一批思想家开始关注、研究近代西方的警政。鉴于中国传统的治安制度已经难以适应当时中国社会发展的需要，一批有识之士开始呼吁引入近代西方警察制度。最终这一设想在清末新政中得以实现。近代东北警察制度就是在这一历史背景下建立起来的。建立之初，由于财力有限，只是从东三省省会开始，然后逐步向其他州县扩展，最终建立起了一套从上至下的警察网络。伴随着警察机构的设立，其他有关警察建设的法律规章也先后出台，并且创办警察教育、开展警察学术，使得东北警察制度日趋完善。近代东北警察制度的建立一方面是中国近代警察制度建立和发展的组成部分,另一方面它的创办对东北社会的近代化转型也产生了直接而深远的影响。正是基于东北警察制度研究的重要学术意义,本文试图通过对各种地方史志和档案资料的整理，研究近代东北警察制度建立的背景、建立和发展过程。本文主要分为三个部分：一是清末（1905年---1911年）东北警察制度的建立及初步发展。随着近代警政思想的传播，要求建立近代警察制度的呼声不断高涨，另外当时东北社会的治安状况，也要求清政府必须重建一套治安机构，最终在清末“新政”的实施过程中近代警察制度得以建立。二是民初（1911年---1931年）东北警察制度的发展。这主要包括两层含义，一方面是近代警察制度在空间的扩展，即由省城向州县、乡镇的扩展；另一方面是警察内部各项规章制度、人才培育、职能划分、警种设置等的逐渐完善。经过清末时期的初步发展，到民国初期东北的警察机构建设已经粗具规模；同时颁布了多项警察法规、设立了各级警察学校、健全了警种，将东北警察制度推向了一个新高度。三是近代东北警察制度评价。近代东北警察制度的建立，对于维护社会治安、提升城市文明、促进社会发展及增强国防力量等方面发挥了一定作用。但同时我们也应看到，由于是对外国尤其是日本警察制度的模仿，忽略了东北的实际情况，再加上人为原因，造成这一制度在实践环节还存在一些弊端。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, China's closed doors were opened, and various Western things were introduced into China, including the modern western political system. As an important part of the western political system, the police policy has attracted the attention of the Chinese people since it was introduced into China. A group of thinkers began to pay attention to the study of the modern western police administration. In view of the fact that the traditional public security system in China could not meet the needs of the development of Chinese society at that time, a group of people of insight began to call for the introduction of modern western police system. Finally, this idea was realized in the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty. The modern northeast police system was established under this historical background. Initially, due to limited financial resources, it began with the provincial capitals of the three eastern provinces, and then gradually expanded to other states and counties, eventually establishing a police network from top to bottom. With the establishment of police institutions, other laws and regulations on police construction have been issued successively, and the establishment of police education, the development of police academic, making the northeast police system is becoming more and more perfect. On the one hand, the establishment of the police system in Northeast China is a component of the establishment and development of the police system in modern China, on the other hand, its establishment has a direct and far-reaching impact on the modernization transformation of the Northeast society. Based on the important academic significance of the study of northeast police system, this paper attempts to study the background, establishment and development process of modern northeast police system through the collation of various local historical records and archival materials. This paper is divided into three parts: first, the establishment and preliminary development of northeast police system in late Qing Dynasty (1905-1911). With the spread of the modern thought of police administration, the demand for the establishment of a modern police system has been rising. In addition, the security situation in the Northeast society at that time also required the Qing government to rebuild a set of public security institutions. Finally, in the process of implementing the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the modern police system was established. The second is the development of northeast police system in early Republic of China (1911-1931). This mainly includes two meanings: on the one hand, the expansion of the modern police system in space, that is, the expansion from provincial cities to states, counties and towns; on the other hand, the internal rules and regulations of the police, the cultivation of talents, and the division of functions. The gradual perfection of the police service. After the initial development of the late Qing Dynasty, the construction of police institutions in Northeast China has been on a coarse scale by the beginning of the Republic of China. At the same time, many police laws and regulations have been promulgated, police schools at all levels have been established, police types have been improved, and the northeast police system has been pushed to a new height. Third, the evaluation of modern northeast police system. The establishment of the police system in the northeast of modern times has played a certain role in maintaining public order, promoting urban civilization, promoting social development and strengthening national defense. But at the same time, we should also see that because of the imitation of the foreign police system, especially the Japanese police system, ignoring the actual situation in the Northeast, plus human reasons, there are still some drawbacks in the practice of this system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D691.6;K25

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