瑞金沙洲坝村土地改革研究

发布时间:2018-07-05 04:58

  本文选题:瑞金 + 沙洲坝 ; 参考:《江西财经大学》2010年硕士论文


【摘要】:建国初期,中国共产党在老解放区完成土改的基础上,进而在拥有2.6亿多农民的新解放区进行了规模宏大的土地改革运动,本文研究选择的江西瑞金沙洲坝村,正是这次大规模开展土改运动中的千千万万个村庄之一。 瑞金沙洲坝村,位于瑞金西北郊,是一个典型的农业地区和村庄。这个村庄在1930年就经历过一次土地革命。那时,该村还是当年赣闽边区苏维埃革命的中心和苏维埃中央政府的所在地,因此这次以平分土地为主要内容的第一次土地改革进行得十分彻底与激烈,曾经给予沙洲坝农民的政治、经济思想巨大的冲击。时隔20年,共产党人推动的土地改革再次在沙洲坝重新实施,使该村土改个案的研究具有全国大部分地区所不同的特点。然而,目前史学界在全国各地虽有众多关于乡村土改个案的研究,却对该村土改的研究至今尚未涉及;同时,有关土改的研究评论,也有较大的分歧,表现为全盘肯定说与重新评价土地租佃与土地平分政策两大方面。所以,沙洲坝土改问题的研究,具有它特殊意义,学术价值与现实意义。 本文以选题论证开篇,共由研究选题、沙洲村土改前土地占有状况、土改准备、沙洲坝土改全过程和沙洲村土改的影响与结语六部分构成: 第一章:绪论,主要阐述选题缘起、土地改革的研究现状、研究方法以及资料来源。 第二章:考察土改前沙洲坝的地权分配、租佃关系、雇佣关系、借贷关系。从这几个方面分析土改前沙洲坝的社会经济关系。沙洲坝土改前地主富农占有土地的47.82%,中贫雇农占有49.89%,地权相对分散且租佃关系存在于各阶层之间,地富虽然占有大部分土地,但并不采取集中经营的方式,而是将土地分散出租,收取租金。沙洲坝的土地使用权绝大部分在农民手中,自耕农占三分之二左右。由于沙洲坝人多地少,租佃关系发达使当地雇佣率偏低。 第三章:阐述了沙洲坝土改前的准备。首先,瑞金县展开了清匪反霸运动,经过半年时间基本清除潜伏在瑞金各地的匪特。随后便展开减租和征粮运动,减租是启发广大农民阶级觉悟的一个好方式,沙洲坝在减租同时开始秋征,尽管秋征工作组对公粮征收的随意性使得一些农民怨声载道,但是由地租转化为公粮,客观上还是使大部分农民获利,为即将到来的土改奠定了基础。 第四章:阐述沙洲坝土改整个过程。沙洲坝土改经历了发动群众、划分阶级、没收和分配土地,复查这几个阶段。 第五章:考察经过土改后沙洲坝村出现的变化。沙洲坝土改后农民分得一份土地,生产情绪有所提高,农业收入在土改后有所提高,然而在社会总财富一致且少的情况下,通过大致平分土地达到富裕希望渺茫。沙洲坝的土改使得各个阶层土地从土改前使用土地相近转变成占有相近,实现各阶层土地占有和使用平均化,并没有产生巨大的变化。受到土改的影响农民不敢发家致富,导致沙洲坝出现了中农化现象。 结语部分对沙洲坝土改进行大致梳理,并对土改后出现的问题进行了阐述。认为通过土改大致平分土地的方式提高生产力,促进农业发展行不通,而土改前的租佃制度符合社会的发展,并未阻碍生产。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, on the basis of the completion of soil reform in old Jiefang District, the Communist Party of China has carried out a large scale land reform movement in the new Jiefang District with more than 2.6 billion farmers. This article studies and chooses the village of Sha Zhou dam in Ruijin, Jiangxi, one of thousands of villages in this large-scale land reform movement.
Ruijin Sha Zhou dam village, located in the northwest suburb of Ruijin, is a typical agricultural region and village. The village experienced a land revolution in 1930. At that time, the village was the center of the Soviet revolution in the border region of the Jiangxi and Fujian provinces and the seat of the Soviet central government. This time the first land reform was the main content of the land division. It has been carried out thoroughly and fiercely, once given a great impact on the political and economic thoughts of the farmers of the Sha Zhou dam. After 20 years, the land reform promoted by the Communists was re implemented in Sha Zhou dam, making the study of the village land reform case different in most parts of the country. However, there are many historians throughout the country. The study of rural land reform cases has not been involved in the study of the village soil reform. At the same time, there are also great differences in the research comments on soil reform. It shows that the land tenancy and the land division policy are two major aspects. Therefore, the research on the soil reform of Sha Zhou dam has its special significance and academic value. Practical significance.
This paper starts with topic selection and argumentation, which consists of six parts: the status of land possession before the land reform in Sha Chau village, the preparation of soil reform, the whole process of the earth reform of Sha Zhou dam and the influence of the land reform in the Sha Chau village.
The first chapter: introduction, mainly explains the origin of the topic selection, the research status quo of land reform, research methods and data sources.
The second chapter examines the distribution of land rights, tenancy relations, employment relations and lending relations before the land reform. From these aspects, the social and economic relations of Sha Zhou dam before the land reform are analyzed. 47.82% of the land is occupied by the landlords and rich peasants before the land reform of the earth, 49.89% of the poor farmers in the middle of the land, and the land rights are relatively scattered and the tenancy relationship exists between the various strata and the land rich although the land is rich. But it occupies most of the land, but does not take the way of centralized management, but takes the land to rent and collect rent. The land use right of Sha Zhou dam is mostly in the hands of farmers, and about 2/3 of the farmers are farmers.
The third chapter expounds the preparation of Sha Zhou dam before soil reform. First of all, Ruijin County launched the anti hegemony movement of the bandit anti hegemony. After half a year, it basically cleared up the bandits that lurked in all parts of Ruijin. After that, the movement of rent reduction and grain collection was launched, and the rent reduction was a good way to enlighten the masses of the peasantry. The arbitrariness of the working group on public grain makes some farmers complain, but the land rent is converted into public grain, which objectively makes most of the farmers profit, laying the foundation for the upcoming soil reform.
The fourth chapter describes the whole process of land reform in Sha Zhou dam. The land reform of Sha Zhou dam has experienced the following stages: mobilizing the masses, dividing classes, confiscating and distributing land.
The fifth chapter is to investigate the changes in the village of Sha Zhou dam after the land reform. After the land reform, the farmers divided a land, the production mood improved, and the agricultural income increased after the soil reform. However, in the case of the total wealth of the society, the land was roughly divided into the rich hope. The soil reform of the Sha Zhou dam made every order. The land from the land change to the similar land before the land reform, the land possession and the use of the average, and there is no huge change.
In the concluding part, the soil reform of Sha Zhou dam is roughly combed and the problems appearing after the land reform are expounded. It is believed that the way to improve the productive forces and promote the agricultural development through the land reform roughly equate the land, while the tenancy system before the land reform is in conformity with the social development and does not obstruct production.
【学位授予单位】:江西财经大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2010
【分类号】:K27

【引证文献】

相关期刊论文 前1条

1 黎志辉;;建国初期原中央苏区的土地改革和经济恢复[J];江西财经大学学报;2012年06期



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