试论张之洞与晚清自铸银元

发布时间：2018-07-06 10:10

本文选题：晚清 + 自铸银元　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2016年01期

【摘要】：明末以来,就有一定数量的外国银元进入东南沿海地区。清代五口通商之后,外国银元在中国流通的地域大为扩张。与之对应的是,清政府内部对如何应对洋银流通的纠结与争论颇为炽盛。起初,部分官员主张禁绝洋银进出,但未能有效实施。清季,以张之洞为代表的地方督抚主张仿铸外国银元而取代之,获得朝廷同意。张之洞率先在广东筹建钱局,并试图商请英国汇丰银行代铸银元。广东银元虽在其调任湖广后铸造,但其方案、式样均为张之洞拟定。督鄂期间,张之洞在湖北继续铸造银元,并希望将新铸银元推广至全国。后署理两江总督,仍积极筹划江南银元局复铸银元。因此,张之洞在晚清自铸银元的实践中起到了开创性的作用。更为重要的是,铸造银元并推广至全国,有效抵制了洋银。而收归货币的铸造权,则维护了主权国家的国家利益。然而,张之洞也曾以民族主义为由,极力反对以"元"为国币单位,使得币制改革迟迟无法实现。而各省相继取得铸币权后,对中央统一铸币的计划和币制改革的实施形成了巨大的障碍。
[Abstract]:Since the late Ming Dynasty, a certain number of foreign silver dollars into the southeast coastal areas. After the five ports of trade in the Qing Dynasty, the foreign currency in China's circulation area greatly expanded. Correspondingly, there were a lot of disputes in Qing government about how to deal with the circulation of foreign silver. At first, some officials advocated a ban on foreign silver, but failed to implement it effectively. In Qing Dynasty, the local governor, represented by Zhang Zhidong, took the place of imitating foreign silver yuan and obtained the consent of the court. Zhang Zhidong was the first to set up a money bureau in Guangdong and tried to ask HSBC to cast the silver dollar on behalf of the bank. Guangdong Yinyuan was cast after its transfer to Huguang, but its scheme and style were drawn up by Zhang Zhidong. During the period, Zhang Zhidong continued to cast silver yuan in Hubei Province and hoped to extend the new silver yuan to the whole country. After acting as Governor of the two rivers, still actively planning the Jiangnan Silver Yuan Bureau to cast silver yuan. Therefore, Zhang Zhidong played a pioneering role in the practice of self-casting silver yuan in the late Qing Dynasty. More importantly, cast silver and spread to the country, effective resistance to foreign silver. The right to reclaim the currency preserves the national interests of sovereign states. However, the Zhang Zhidong also strongly opposed the use of the yuan as a currency unit on the grounds of nationalism, making the reform of the currency system slow. After each province obtained the seigniorage right successively, it formed the huge obstacle to the central unified coin plan and the currency system reform implementation.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史学系;
【分类号】：K252

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