十九世纪五六十年代《海国图志》在日本的传播和影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 23:28

本文选题：魏源 + 海国图志　；参考：《重庆大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国近代著名改革派代表人物魏源所著的《海国图志》是“中国看世界第一书”,它是中国近代史上第一部由国人编写的介绍世界各国情况的巨著。概而言之,贯穿于《海国图志》全书的主旨是“师夷长技以制夷”思想,这在十九世纪中叶的中国和东亚是很先进的思想,并引导国人去认识世界,探求强国之道,开启了近代先进中国人把向西方学习与改革中国的政治、经济相结合探索之路,具有重要的时代价值。尽管《海国图志》具有如此重要的时代价值,它在中国并没有受到应有的重视。与之相反,当1854年《海国图志》传到日本并被允许出售后,迅速掀起了《海国图志》的热潮,形成了日本近代思想文化发展史上的《海国图志》时代。《海国图志》在中日两国的境遇差别,反映出中日两国对于时代挑战所作出的不同回应方式。《海国图志》在日本的传播,激起了日本朝野强烈的对西方先进政治、经济、教育文化等学习、仿效的兴趣,最终成为促进日本“明治维新”的重要思想文化动因,对日本的现代化产生了重要的影响。时至今日,《海国图志》在日本的传播仍为学术界一值得研究的课题。有鉴于此,本文拟针对《海国图志》在日本引起巨大反响这一历史史实,从社会背景、传播内容、受众、传播渠道等方面分析其在日本获得成功的原因。从社会背景来看,中国的鸦片战争强烈地震撼了日本,同时,日本也遭到了西方的侵略。从传播内容来看,魏源的《海国图志》拥有较高的价值,正符合日本当时国内的需要。从受众的角度看,日本有吸收外国先进文化的传统,并且正好有一个适合的阅读群体,他们有足够的语言能力,并且对世界的认识水平高。从传播渠道看,翻刻者特别是儒学者为《海国图志》的广泛传播做出了很大的贡献。《海国图志》吸收了大量西方文化,是一部东西方文化交流的产物,它在日本的成功传播为我们认识如何有效传播异质的人类先进文化提供了重要的借鉴。我们应该吸取《海国图志》在日本成功传播经验,立足于民族文化,不断地学习外国先进文化,与人类精神、时代精神融汇,促进中国文化走向世界。
[Abstract]:The Atlas of Haiguo by Wei Yuan, a famous reformer in modern China, is the first book of China to see the World. It is the first great work written by Chinese people in modern history to introduce the situation of various countries in the world. In a nutshell, the main idea that runs through the book is the idea of "master the long skill to control the barbarians", which was very advanced in China and East Asia in the middle of the nineteenth century, and led people to understand the world and explore the way to strengthen the country. It opens the way of modern advanced Chinese to study from the West and reform China's politics and economy, which has important value of the times. Although the Atlas of Haiguo has such important value of the times, it has not received due attention in China. By contrast, when the Atlas of Haiguo was introduced to Japan in 1854 and was allowed to be sold, it quickly set off a boom. In the history of modern Japanese ideological and cultural development, the time of "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" was formed. The situation of "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" in China and Japan is different, which reflects the different responses made by China and Japan to the challenge of the times, and the dissemination of "Haiguo Tu Zhi" in Japan. It arouses the strong interest of the Japanese government and the opposition in learning and emulating the western advanced politics, economy, education and culture, and finally becomes the important ideological and cultural motivation to promote the Meiji Restoration in Japan, which has had an important influence on the modernization of Japan. To this day, the dissemination of Haiguo Tu Chronicles in Japan is still a topic worth studying in academic circles. In view of this, this paper aims at the historical fact that "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" has caused tremendous repercussions in Japan, and analyzes the reasons for its success in Japan from the aspects of social background, communication content, audience, communication channel and so on. From the social background, China's Opium War strongly shocked Japan, at the same time, Japan was also invaded by the West. From the point of view of communication content, Wei Yuan's Atlas of Haiguo has higher value, which is in line with the needs of Japan at that time. From the perspective of the audience, Japan has the tradition of absorbing foreign advanced culture, and it has a suitable reading group, they have sufficient language ability, and the level of understanding of the world is high. From the perspective of the communication channels, the engravers, especially the Confucian scholars, have made great contributions to the widespread dissemination of the Atlas of the Haiguo. The Atlas of the Haiguo absorbed a large number of Western cultures and was the product of cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Its successful communication in Japan provides an important reference for us to understand how to effectively spread the heterogeneous advanced human culture. We should learn from the successful spreading experience of Haiguo Tu Zhi in Japan, base on the national culture, constantly study foreign advanced culture, merge with human spirit and times spirit, and promote Chinese culture to the world.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K253

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