清末“第二次设厂高潮”研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 09:19

本文选题：清末 + 设厂高潮　；参考：《东华大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代中国民族工业一直在火缝中曲折发展,既要受到本国封建势力的控制,又被外国列强进行压制。甲午战争以后,在国内外各种因素的作用下,中国的民族工业得到了一定的发展,并掀起了两次设厂高潮。第一次设厂高潮(1895-1898年)是甲午战争以后中国民间的“设厂自救”；第二次设厂高潮(1905-1908年)则是在清政府实施新政改革,首次倡导的自上而下的“振兴实业”。在不同时期的投资设厂环境中,两次设厂高潮也呈现了不同的特性。两次设厂高潮对近代中国民族工业起到了非常大的影响,尤其以第二次设厂运动的影响更为深远。第二次设厂高潮是整个清王朝时期,投资设厂数量最多,创办资金最多,经营效益最好的一个时段,在这个阶段设厂高潮虽然持续时间不长,但民族工业获得了前所未有的大发展。第二次设厂高潮的出现除了清末新政经济改革的推动,还受到了日俄战争、抵制洋货运动、收回利权运动等综合因素的影响。在这难得的几年时间里面,经济发展非常明显,民族资产阶级队伍得到壮大商人的社会地位得到提高。这也是封建王朝首次开始改变重农抑商的传统,其中具有的意义和影响更为深远。此次设厂高湖涉及到的不仅仅是经济的发展,更是反映全社会经济意识与投资观念的演进、企业管理水平的高低、社会经济环境的好坏以及政府行为的优劣等,因此此次设厂高潮,实际上也是社会全而近代化的一个侧影。本文研究民族资本投资设厂,将研究范围扩展到所有中国人的投资设厂中,改变了以往设厂高潮仅以民间设厂为研究对象的情况,力求更加全面的展现近代中国民族工业的发展状况。逐一分析第二次设厂‘高潮产生的原因和背景,对比分析第二次设厂高潮的成功与不足,并深入挖掘其中的内在原因。力求客观评价第二次设厂高潮的影响和意义。第二次设厂高潮可以说是当时社会变局在经济上的一次体现,设厂高潮凸显了近代中国民族工业的发展之曲折,也表明了社会近代化的步履维艰。第二次设厂高潮对中国社会近代化不仅提供了经济上的动力,而且正是在这一次设厂高潮中,工业化近代化使得民众的思想日趋开放,对新事物、新思想的接受能力更强,也加速了中国近代的民主化进程。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese national industry has been tortuous development in the fire, not only by the control of the feudal forces, but also by foreign powers to suppress. After the Sino-Japanese War, under the influence of various factors at home and abroad, China's national industry developed to a certain extent, and set off two climaxes of setting up factories. The first climax (1895-1898) was the "self-saving" of the Chinese folk after the Sino-Japanese War, and the second (1905-1908) was the top-down "revitalizing industry" initiated by the Qing government. In the environment of investment and establishment in different periods, the climax of setting up two factories also presents different characteristics. The two climax of setting up a factory had a great influence on the modern Chinese national industry, especially the influence of the second factory setting up movement. The second climax of setting up a factory was the period of the whole Qing Dynasty, in which the number of factories was the largest, the capital was the largest, and the operating efficiency was the best. The climax of setting up a factory at this stage did not last long, However, the national industry has achieved unprecedented development. In addition to the promotion of the economic reform of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the emergence of the second high tide of setting up factories was also influenced by the comprehensive factors such as the Japanese-Russian War, the movement of resisting foreign goods, and the movement of recovering rights and interests. In this rare period of several years, the economic development is very obvious, the national bourgeoisie troop obtains the strength merchant's social status obtains the enhancement. It was also the first time that the feudal dynasty began to change the tradition of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, which had more profound significance and influence. The establishment of this plant involves not only economic development, but also the evolution of the whole society's economic consciousness and investment concept, the level of enterprise management, the quality of the social and economic environment, and the merits and demerits of the government's behavior, etc. Therefore, the high tide of the establishment of the factory, in fact, is also a whole and modern society of a silhouette. This article studies the national capital investment to set up the factory, will expand the research scope to all the Chinese investment to set up the factory, has changed the previous establishment climax only takes the folk establishment factory as the research object. Strive for a more comprehensive display of the development of modern China's national industry. This paper analyzes the cause and background of the second high tide of setting up a factory one by one, compares and analyzes the success and deficiency of the second high tide of setting up a factory, and excavates deeply the internal reasons among them. To objectively evaluate the impact and significance of the second high tide of setting up a plant. The second high tide of setting up a factory can be said to be a reflection of the social change in economy at that time. The high tide of setting up a factory highlights the twists and turns of the development of the modern Chinese national industry, and it also shows that the modernization of the society is difficult. The second high tide of setting up a factory not only provided an economic impetus for the modernization of Chinese society, but also made the people's thinking more open and more receptive to new things and new ideas as a result of the industrialization modernization. It also accelerated the process of democratization in modern China.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F279.29;K257

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