洋务派官员慈善公益思想及实践研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 15:47

本文选题：洋务派官员 + 慈善　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：第一次鸦片战争爆发后,中国长期闭关锁国的局面被打破,出现了“数千年未有之大变局"。为增强国力,维护封建统治,清朝统治阶级开展了“自强”、“求富”的洋务运动。在此期间,西方慈善思想随着国门的打开而流入。在其影响下,中国近代慈善思想与事业也逐渐产生变化,同时,还为中国近代慈善公益事业的发展开创了新局面,促进了近代社会的发展。本文以洋务派官员左宗棠、曾国荃、张之洞和盛宣怀为代表展开叙述,分为四部分从整体上对此加以研究。全文共包括引言、第一、二、三章以及结语,共五个部分：第一章的第一节概述了中国洋务运动时期内忧外患的社会历史背景,为左宗棠等洋务派官员从事慈善活动提供了时代要求。第二节概述了他们各自的家庭环境及在其影响下从事早期的慈善活动。第三节和第四节分别叙述了中国传统慈善思想的渊源与传承,以及传入中国的西方慈善与公益思想,对左宗棠等四人慈善思想的产生和继承。其中,儒家的民本思想、大同思想是慈善思想的主要理论基础,道家积德向善的思想成为了慈善思想的道德基础,佛家扶世济困、劝善化俗的宗教使命成为了后世开展慈善事业的出发点。西方公益思想的传入给中国近代慈善救济思想带来了新的内容,在一定程度上对中国人的慈善救济与公益思想产生了潜移默化的影响。第二章阐述洋务派官员慈善公益思想与实践的内容。以洋务时期的中国社会为切入点,分析研究左宗棠等四人的慈善救济与公益事业。本章分为两个部分,第一部分阐述的是他们四人在灾害赈济活动中,从消极的传统救济进步发展为积极预防思想的转变。第二个部分主要叙述在公益领域中,他们所开展的慈善事业。其中,教养兼施、以工代赈思想是他们在从事慈善救济与公益事业中的基本指导思想。第三章剖析了以左宗棠等人为代表的洋务派官员的公益事业对近代社会的影响。他们主要代表着以国家政府为主体的救济,但同时他们个人也积极参与和鼓励慈善救济,及创办有利于民生的公益事业。他们所开展的慈善救济与公益实践对近代社会的相对稳定和社会生产力的保护起到了积极的作用。结语部分正确认识和客观评价洋务派官员的慈善救济与公益存在的进步性与局限性。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the first Opium War, China's long-term closed-door situation was broken and a "great change never occurred in thousands of years". In order to strengthen national strength and maintain feudal rule, the ruling class of Qing Dynasty carried out the Westernization Movement of "strengthening oneself" and "seeking wealth". During this period, Western philanthropy came in with the opening of the country. Under its influence, the thought and cause of philanthropy in modern China gradually changed, at the same time, it created a new situation for the development of philanthropic public welfare in modern China, and promoted the development of modern society. This paper is represented by Zuo Zongtang, Zeng Guoquan, Zhang Zhidong and Sheng Xuanhuai, and is divided into four parts to study it as a whole. The full text includes the introduction, the first, the second, the third and the conclusion. The first section of the first chapter summarizes the social and historical background of the internal and external troubles during the Westernization Movement of China. For Zuo Zongtang and other Westernized officials engaged in charitable activities to provide time requirements. The second section summarizes their respective family environment and early charitable activities under their influence. The third and fourth sections respectively describe the origin and inheritance of Chinese traditional charitable thought, and the western philanthropy and public welfare thought introduced into China, and the generation and inheritance of the philanthropic thought of Zuo Zongtang and other four people. Among them, the Confucian thought of people-oriented, the thought of Datong is the main theoretical basis of the thought of charity, the thought of Taoism's accumulation of virtue to the good has become the moral basis of the thought of charity, and the Buddhist school has helped the world to help the poor. The religious mission of persuading the good to transform the custom has become the starting point for the later generations to carry out charity work. The introduction of western commonweal thought has brought new contents to Chinese modern charitable relief thought, and to some extent has had a subtle influence on Chinese charitable relief and public welfare thought. The second chapter expounds the content of charitable public welfare thought and practice of Western-style officials. Taking the Chinese society during the Westernization period as the starting point, this paper analyzes and studies the charity relief and public welfare undertakings of Zuo Zongtang and other four people. This chapter is divided into two parts, the first part is the four of them in the disaster relief activities, from the negative traditional relief progress to the change of positive prevention thinking. The second part mainly describes their charity in the field of public welfare. Among them, education and work-relief are their basic guiding ideology in charity relief and public welfare. The third chapter analyzes the influence of the public welfare of Western-style officials represented by Zuo Zongtang and others on the modern society. They mainly represent the national government as the main body of relief, but at the same time they also actively participate in and encourage charitable relief, and the establishment of public welfare in favor of the people's livelihood. Their charity relief and public welfare practice played a positive role in the relative stability of modern society and the protection of social productive forces. The conclusion part correctly recognizes and objectively evaluates the progress and limitation of charity relief and public welfare of Western-style officials.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D632.9;K256

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