论建国初期的农村互助组

发布时间：2018-07-12 15:27

本文选题：建国初期 + 组织起来　；参考：《东岳论丛》2014年03期

【摘要】：建国初期,在完成土地改革的广大农村,为克服劳力、农具、耕畜缺乏等困难,政府号召农民组织起来,成立互助组。组织互助并非易事。村干及劳动模范注重打通农民思想,注意发挥党员的模范带头作用,通过典型示范、评比竞赛等活动带动激励农民,并注重从生产需要出发,从旧有互助基础做起。同时,召开互助组代表会议或举办互助训练班,扩大宣传,培养骨干,提供经济与技术上的融资优惠扶持等。互助组由此陆续组成并扩大规模,但总体上分布不平衡不普遍。为巩固发展互助组,各地借鉴以往传统的换工等方式,在互助组内实行对劳力、农具、耕畜的评工、记工、算账制度,以达互助两利。互助组在运作过程中虽存在强迫命令、形式主义及记工算账不合理等影响农民生产积极性和劳动效率等局限,但总体上还是解决了入组农民生产生活困难,在一定程度上促进了农业生产的发展。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to overcome the difficulties of labor, tools and livestock shortage, the government called on farmers to organize themselves and set up mutual aid groups. It is not easy to organize mutual aid. Village cadres and labor models pay attention to the idea of farmers, pay attention to give play to the exemplary leading role of party members, through typical demonstration, competition and other activities to stimulate farmers, and pay attention to the needs of production, from the old basis of mutual assistance. At the same time, organizing mutual aid group representative meeting or mutual assistance training course, expanding propaganda, cultivating backbone, providing economic and technical financing preferential support, etc. The mutual-aid group was gradually formed and expanded, but the overall distribution was uneven. In order to consolidate the development of mutual aid groups, all localities draw lessons from the traditional ways of changing jobs in the mutual aid groups, and carry out a system of evaluating, recording and calculating labor, farm tools and livestock in the mutual aid groups, in order to achieve mutual aid and mutual benefit. Although the mutual-aid group has some limitations in the course of operation, such as forced order, formalism and unreasonable bookkeeping and so on, which affect farmers' enthusiasm for production and labor efficiency, it still resolves the difficulties of farmers' production and life in general. To a certain extent, to promote the development of agricultural production.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：F321.42;K27

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