美国对辛亥革命的态度研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 10:11

【摘要】：辛亥革命时期,美国历经了塔夫脱和威尔逊两届政府。塔夫脱政府极力推行“金元外交”、与列强协调一致,共同行动。威尔逊总统一上台就断然舍弃协调一致原则,采取单边行动,为其建立世界“新秩序”的“理想主义”赢得了行动自由。辛亥革命前夕,美国虽然对形势就有所察觉,但依然保持乐观,对清政府的灭亡并无太多的先见之明。革命爆发后,塔夫脱政府始终奉行中立政策,与列强协调一致,既拒绝承认革命政权,也不协助清政府镇压革命党人,并反对其他国家干涉中国内政。这和美国孤立主义传统和不干涉原则及其门户开放政策、“利益均沾”原则有关。为了保护在华既得利益及谋求更长远的在华利益,美国“拥袁贬孙”,积极扶持在华利益代理人。威尔逊上台后,美国退出了六国银行团和率先承认了中华民国,这当然是出于美国自身利益的考虑。但客观上美国此举有利于打破中国在外交上的孤立局面,改善了中国的国际环境,为新政府赢得喘息机会,是有其积极的一面的。从美国对辛亥革命的态度可以看出,美国所标榜的共和制度、“理想主义”一直在围绕着现实国家利益打转,其对华政策显示出的是一种与武力入侵不同的新殖民政策的特点,其最终目的是促使美国在亚洲的地位和影响力不断提升。
[Abstract]:During the revolution of 1911, the United States went through the two government of Taft and Wilson. The Taft administration carried out "gold and Yuan diplomacy" to coordinate and act with the powers. As soon as president Wilson came to power, President Wilson abandoned the principle of coordination, took unilateral action, and won the action of "idealism" for the establishment of the "new order" of the world. On the eve of the revolution of 1911, although the United States was aware of the situation, it remained optimistic and had no much foresight on the perdition of the Qing government. After the outbreak of the revolution, the Taft administration always pursued a neutral policy and harmonized with the powers, refusing to recognize the revolutionary regime, nor assisting the Qing government to suppress the revolutionaries, and against other countries. Interfering in China's internal affairs, this is related to the American isolationist tradition and non interference principles and the open policy of the portals and the principle of "interest equality". In order to protect the vested interests in China and to seek more long-term interests in China, the United States "embraced yuan to derogatory grandchildren" and actively supported the interest agents in China. The first recognition of the Republic of China is of course in consideration of the interests of the United States. But the objective of this is to break China's diplomatic isolation, improve the international environment of China, and win the new government's breathing opportunity. The republic system, "idealism" has been revolved around the real national interests, and its Chinese policy shows the characteristics of a new colonial policy different from the invasion of force. The ultimate aim is to promote the status and influence of the United States in Asia.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K257

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