晚清近代化过程中科技文献的演变

发布时间：2018-07-18 20:30

【摘要】：近代化通常指的是资本主义化，开始于17世纪欧洲。近代化是一股世界范围内的思想潮流，它主要包括了政治、经济、思想等各个领域的变迁。近代化就是传统社会向现代社会的变化，它会引起政治制度、经济制度、思想文化乃至人们的价值体系和心理层面等各个方面的变革。世界上的大部分国家地区大都经历过这种潮流，作为曾经辉煌但已没落的文明古国，中国在其近代化过程中具有相当明显的特色。晚清政府的近代化过程是以相当被动的姿态被卷入的，它不是中国社会自然发展的顺承结果，而是在内部萌芽和外力紧迫的双重作用下，将西方的近代化嫁接到中国来的。晚清近代化进程经历了十九世纪六、七十年代、十九世纪末及二十世纪初三个阶段，过程曲折而且终告失败。科技文献是含有科学技术知识的文献，是人类科技活动成果的展示和科技发展的记录。在人类历史整体文献中科技文献占有十分重要的地位，作为人类科技活动的结果，它既是科技成果发展的记录，又是用于科技活动、促进科技发展的产品。研究晚清近代化进程中科技文献的演变，既是对历史的总结和梳理，也是对未来的借鉴与展望。本文第一部分交代了近代化的概念，，由此引出科技文献演变的背景——晚清近代化，详细介绍了晚清近代化的过程及特点。第二部分着重叙述了晚清近代化进程中科技文献演变的过程，将晚清按照科技文献特点分为三个阶段——鸦片战争时期、洋务运动时期、甲午中日战争时期，归纳出科技文献在这三个时期中表现出的不同特点，提炼出代表性文献加以介绍并印证其特点。第三部分，由第二部分的过程中得到结论，总结出晚清近代化过程科技文献演变的六个特点。
[Abstract]:The modernization of the late Qing government has experienced such trends as political , economic , ideological and cultural changes in various fields , such as politics , economy and thought .

Science and technology literature is a document containing science and technology knowledge . It is the display of the achievements of human science and technology activities and the development of science and technology . The scientific and technological documents occupy a very important position in the overall literature of human history . As a result of human science and technology activities , it is both a record of the development of scientific and technological achievements , and is a product for scientific and technological activities and promoting the development of science and technology .

The evolution of scientific and technological documents in the process of late Qing Dynasty is not only the summary and the carding of history , but also the future reference and prospect .

The first part of this paper deals with the concept of modernization , which leads to the background of the evolution of the scientific literature and the modernization of the late Qing Dynasty .

The second part focuses on the process of the evolution of scientific and technological documents in the process of late Qing modernization , and divides the late Qing Dynasty into three stages : the opium war period , the ocean affairs movement period and the Sino - Japanese War .

In the third part , the conclusion is obtained from the process of the second part , which summarizes the six characteristics of the evolution of science and technology documents in the late Qing Dynasty .
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K252;N09

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