1950-1958年开封市传染病流行与防治研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 17:00

【摘要】： 20世纪50年代的开封,气候反常,自然灾害频发,再加上国民党统治时期的兵祸匪患所造成的遗留影响,致使疫病流行非常严重。疫病不仅对开封民众的生命健康构成了严重的威胁,还严重阻碍了政治、经济、文化的发展,造成了社会混乱。疫病的发生既有自然因素,也有社会因素,它是在众多因素的共同作用下发生的,它不再仅仅是一个自然问题,更越来越成为政府所必须要解决的一个社会问题。文章以开封市档案馆所藏资料为依据,重点论述了1950年代开封的疫病流行及防治,并从灾害、气候、人口环境、经济、战争及生活习俗等6个方面来分析发生疫病的原因。面对疫病的肆虐,人民政府采取了一系列卓有成效的防治措施,主要包括:建立起了防疫站、防疫委员会等各种防疫组织,制定了《关于血吸虫病防治工作的指示》、《关于预防霍乱的指示》等各项规章指示,通过举办防疫训练班、学术讲座以及防御美术展览大力进行防疫宣传,先后多次开展了以“除四害”为中心的城市爱国卫生运动,并组织力量进行全民性的预防接种等5个方面。此外,红十字会等民间的社会团体也积极参与了防疫活动。事实证明,政府在防疫方面所取的成绩是显著的,对疫病的控制起了重要的作用,有效地降低了各种疫病的发生率和死亡率,同时,在此过程中,积累了丰富的卫生防疫、防病治病、保障健康、改善环境、移风易俗等可贵的经验,初步建立了一定规模的卫生防疫系统,为以后的防疫工作打下了牢固的基础,从而大大推动了本地的社会进步和经济发展。但是,由于当时的医疗技术水平较低、经济落后、不良的生活习俗以及一些错误认识的影响,致使在开封的疫病防治工作中也存在很多的不足之处。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s, Kaifeng had abnormal climate, frequent natural disasters, and the legacy of soldiers and bandits during the Kuomintang rule, which made the epidemic very serious. Epidemic disease not only poses a serious threat to the life and health of Kaifeng people, but also seriously hinders the development of politics, economy and culture. The occurrence of epidemic disease has both natural factors and social factors. It occurs under the joint action of many factors. It is no longer just a natural problem, but also a social problem that must be solved by the government more and more. Based on the data collected by Kaifeng Archives, this paper discusses the epidemic and prevention of epidemic disease in Kaifeng in the 1950s, and analyzes the causes of epidemic disease from six aspects, such as disaster, climate, population and environment, economy, war and living custom. In the face of the epidemic, the people's government has taken a series of effective preventive measures, mainly including the establishment of epidemic prevention stations, epidemic prevention committees, and various epidemic prevention organizations. Various regulations and directives, such as the instructions on the Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and the instruction on the Prevention of Cholera, have been formulated and vigorously propagated through the organization of epidemic prevention training courses, academic lectures and art exhibitions on prevention. The patriotic health campaign centered on "eliminating the four evils" has been carried out for many times, and five aspects have been organized, such as the prevention and inoculation of the whole people. In addition, the Red Cross and other civil society groups are also actively involved in epidemic prevention activities. Facts have proved that the government's achievements in epidemic prevention have been remarkable, have played an important role in the control of epidemic diseases, effectively reduced the incidence and mortality of various diseases, and, in the process, accumulated abundant sanitation and epidemic prevention. The valuable experience of preventing and treating diseases, protecting health, improving the environment, changing the customs and so on has preliminarily established a certain scale health and epidemic prevention system, which has laid a solid foundation for the future epidemic prevention work. This greatly promoted the local social progress and economic development. However, due to the low level of medical technology, backward economy, bad living customs and the influence of some misunderstandings, there are many deficiencies in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases in Kaifeng.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3;K27

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