清末民国时期南疆地方行政建制改革与城市发展

发布时间：2018-07-21 11:19

【摘要】：关于晚清新疆地方行政建制研究的论著较多,但较少有人将其与城市发展相联系。自古以来,中国的城市多为行政中心,城市的兴衰变化受到政治行政因素的影响甚巨,新疆虽然僻处西北边陲,但仍然表现出这一特性。南疆城市历史悠久,清代以后南疆由于特殊的区情,在地方行政行建制上实行的是军府制下的伯克制与札萨克制,伯克制与札萨克制在相当程度上制约了经济要素和社会要素在区域与城市之间的自由流动,因而制约了城市的发展。晚清新疆建省,在南疆以府县制取代伯克制及札萨克制,由此推动了南疆城市的发展。民国建立后,进一步发展以县制为主的地方行政制度,随着建制县数量的增加,城市数量也相应增加,城市规模也不断扩大,由此奠定了20世纪中叶以后南疆城市的发展格局和城市体系的雏形。
[Abstract]:There are many studies on the local administrative system in Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty, but few people associate it with the urban development. Since ancient times, China's cities are mostly administrative centers, and the rise and fall of cities are greatly influenced by political and administrative factors. Although Xinjiang is located in the northwestern border, it still shows this characteristic. The southern Xinjiang city has a long history. After the Qing Dynasty, due to the special regional conditions, the local administrative system was implemented under the military system of restraint and Zazak system. The system of restraint and Zazak restricts the free flow of economic and social elements between regions and cities to a certain extent, thus restricting the development of cities. In the late Qing Dynasty, Xinjiang established a province, in the south of Xinjiang, the system of prefectures and counties was replaced by the system of Bo-restraint and Zazak, which promoted the development of the cities of southern Xinjiang. After the founding of the Republic of China, the local administrative system, which was mainly based on the county system, was further developed. With the increase in the number of the established counties, the number of cities increased correspondingly, and the scale of the cities expanded. This established the development pattern and the embryonic form of the urban system in the south of Xinjiang after the middle of the 20th century.
【作者单位】：四川大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“20世纪新疆城市与区域发展研究” 国家社科规划重点项目“中国城市通史”(项目编号:12AZD083) 四川大学“中央高校基本科研业务费”创新团队项目的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：K257

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