近代江南的棚户问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 14:44

【摘要】：随着近代工业化的进程,社会分化进一步加剧,所以当大批因经济破产的农村移民进入城市谋生后,绝大部分人只得沦落到社会的最底层,成为棚户。作为近代城市社会底层民众的代表,棚户是一个数量庞大的社会群体,是近代城市人口的重要组成部分。棚户自成一区,生活在城市的偏远角落,内部结构具有相对封闭性,是一个特殊的社会群体。主要表现为:性别构成显示出严重的不平衡性;年龄构成呈“年轻化”态势,青壮年构成了棚户人口的主体;家庭结构普遍“小型化”;教育程度极其低下;社会职业也被边缘化,以脏、险、累、差等低贱的体力工作为主,这些都决定了他们只得屈居于社会的最底层,过着极其艰辛的生活。由于职业的关系,棚户的经济收入非常低微,其生活状况表明他们是极端贫困化的典型。棚户居民从事的都是一些又脏、又苦、又累的“低贱”体力活,注定了其谋生的艰苦与辛酸,获取的微薄收入仅能糊口,衣、食、住、行等条件极为简陋,娱乐生活简单而乏味,是一个被严重边缘化的群体。随着棚户区的不断蔓延,又带来了许多社会问题,诸如火灾、疫病、卫生、犯罪等。社会各界通过自己的方式,或取缔或救助,为解决棚户问题做出尝试。政府从最初的积极取缔到逐渐采取一些救济措施,以及社会力量对于棚户生计的改进,虽然在一定程度上改善了棚户的生存状况,但由于各种原因也收效甚微,棚户问题仍没有从根本上得到解决。作为构成近代江南都市人口的重要组成部分,我们无法忽视棚户这个特殊的群体。对这一群体进行研究有着非常重要的意义,他们鲜活生动的生活场景以及艰难曲折的城市遭遇和生命历程,不仅为我们展示出近代底边社会历史的新画卷,还能为解决今天城市化过程中的“城中村”问题提供历史的借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the process of modern industrialization, the social differentiation further intensified, so when a large number of rural immigrants who went into the city to earn a living because of economic bankruptcy, most of them had to be reduced to the bottom of the society and become shanty towns. As the representative of the people at the bottom of modern urban society, shantytown is a huge social group and an important part of modern urban population. The shantytown is a special social group, living in a remote corner of the city, and its internal structure is relatively closed. The main manifestations are as follows: the gender composition shows a serious imbalance; the age composition shows a "youthful" trend, and the young and middle-aged constitute the main body of the shantytown population; the family structure is generally "miniaturized"; the education level is extremely low; Social occupations are also marginalized, with dirty, dangerous, tired, poor and other low physical work, which determines that they have to live in the lowest level of society, living an extremely difficult life. Because of occupation, the income of shanty households is very low, and their living conditions indicate that they are typical of extreme poverty. The shantymen were engaged in dirty, bitter and tiring "lowly" physical work, doomed to the hardship and bitterness of their livelihood, and the meagre income they earned was extremely simple and poor in terms of subsistence, clothing, food, shelter and transportation. Entertainment life is simple and boring, is a severely marginalized group. With the spread of shantytowns, it brings many social problems, such as fire, disease, sanitation, crime and so on. All walks of life try to solve the shantyman problem through their own way, or outlaw or rescue. The government from the initial active ban to gradually take some relief measures, and social forces to improve the livelihood of squatters, although to a certain extent improved the living conditions of squatters, but due to various reasons also have little effect. The shanty problem has not been fundamentally resolved. As an important part of modern urban population of Jiangnan, we can not ignore the special group of shanty. It is of great significance to study this group. Their vivid living scenes, difficult and tortuous urban encounters and life course not only show us a new picture of the social history at the bottom of modern times, It can also provide historical reference for solving the problem of "village in city" in the process of urbanization today.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K25

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