南京国民政府时期华北农民生计问题的历史考察

发布时间：2018-07-22 15:26

【摘要】： 1927年,南京国民政府建立后,逐步实现了国家的统一,国家整体形势有所好转。但是,在1929——1933年世界经济危机以及国内种种因素的作用下,农村整体呈现衰落景象。华北地区——河南、河北、山东农村一直存在人多地少,人均耕地不足的问题,大部分农户依靠农业生产难以维持生计。南京国民政府时期,情况依然如此。这一时期,华北地区耕地面积总体上没有什么大的变化。农业生产工具依然落后,农户耕畜缺乏,水利灌溉设施等农业生产条件有渐趋恶化的趋势,农业生产处于停滞状态。而这一时期农民承担的各种税赋包括盐税、田赋正附税以及其它各种税捐却呈现不断增长的趋势。再加上世界经济危机和日本侵占东北、蚕食华北的影响,华北地区农民的生活状况日趋恶化,生计困难。论文正文分三个部分：第一部分：南京国民政府时期农业生产概况。华北地区人多地少,人均耕地不足,在南京国民政府时期,耕地总面积变化不大,农业生产基本维持原有状态。这一时期物价变化剧烈,对农业生产影响较大。第二部分：农民的生产与生活状况。南京国民政府时期,农业的生产工具依然落后,没有什么发展,并且很大一部分农户拥有的农具不足,耕畜缺乏,农业水利灌溉设施没有什么发展,并有恶化的趋势。作为农民收入另一个来源的农副业生产在这一时期也日趋衰落。农民的衣、食、住、行、婚姻状况不容乐观。第三部分：税赋对农民生计的影响。在这一时期,农民承担的盐税、田赋正税、附加税以及其它各种捐税不断增加,农民的税赋负担日趋加重,严重影响农民的生产与生活。农民的生计问题不仅关乎农村的兴衰,也与整个国家的盛衰相关。今天,我们应该从这一段历史中汲取经验和教训,高度关注农民生计问题,解决好农民生计问题,大力促进新农村建设。
[Abstract]:In 1927, the Nanjing National Government established, gradually realized the national unification, the national overall situation has improved. However, under the influence of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 and various domestic factors, the whole rural area showed decline. The rural areas of North China-Henan, Hebei and Shandong have always had the problems of large population, small land, insufficient per capita cultivated land, and most peasant households cannot support themselves by agricultural production. This was still the case during the period of the Nanjing National Government. This period, the area of cultivated land in North China as a whole has not changed a lot. Agricultural production tools are still backward, farmers lack of livestock, irrigation facilities and other agricultural production conditions tend to deteriorate, agricultural production is in a state of stagnation. In this period, all kinds of taxes, such as salt tax, land tax and other taxes, have a growing trend. Coupled with the world economic crisis and Japan's occupation of the northeast, the impact of the encroachment on North China, the living conditions of farmers in North China are deteriorating day by day, and their livelihood is difficult. The main body of the paper is divided into three parts: the first part: the agricultural production in the period of Nanjing National Government. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the total area of cultivated land changed little, and agricultural production basically maintained its original state. This period changes sharply in prices, and has a greater impact on agricultural production. The second part: farmers' production and living conditions. During the period of Nanjing National Government, agricultural production tools were still lagging behind, without any development, and a large proportion of farmers had insufficient farm tools, livestock, and irrigation facilities for agricultural water conservancy, and had a tendency of deterioration. Agricultural sideline production, another source of farmers' income, also declined in this period. Farmers' clothing, food, housing, line, marital status is not optimistic. The third part: the impact of tax on farmers' livelihood. In this period, the peasants' salt tax, land tax, surtax and other taxes are increasing, and the burden of peasants' tax becomes more and more serious, which seriously affects the production and life of farmers. Farmers' livelihood is not only related to the rise and fall of the countryside, but also to the rise and fall of the whole country. Today, we should draw experiences and lessons from this period of history, pay close attention to the problem of farmers' livelihood, solve the problem of peasants' livelihood, and vigorously promote the construction of new countryside.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K262.9

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