1870年代上海城区犯罪时空分析

发布时间：2018-07-25 11:47

【摘要】：本文以犯罪时空分布为切入点,实证研究1870年代上海城区的犯罪时空间分布特征。在研究方法上,作者利用《申报》中的案件记录建立上海城区犯罪数据库,并采用MapInfo绘制成犯罪空间分布图,复原出1870年代初期上海城市犯罪空间过程；进而,利用公共租界工部局年报和法租界公董局年报中关于治安、犯罪的资料、表格,结合申报每日所载犯罪统计,一道复原出该时期上海城区犯罪的时间分布特征(如犯罪类型年/月构成)及罪犯年龄、性别、职业、文化教育程度等社会属性构成。最后,将犯罪空间分布、犯罪时间分布、犯罪类型构成及犯罪人社会属性构成,纳入到上海城市化空间扩展、租界社会管理和会审制度等制度性建设的历史时空背景中综合分析。此外,特别值得注意的是,太平天国和小刀会战后上海移民规模、类型和移民素质对上海1870年代犯罪类型构成、犯罪时间分布的相关关系,加之该时上海南北两市在管理体制、司法体系及社会控制目的与方法上的迥异,对上海县与租界两种地域内犯罪类型、治安与审判模式、处罚类型等项有明显影响。通过对1870年代上海城区犯罪案件的时空分布、犯罪类型与犯罪人构成进行综合考量,作者发现,开埠后上海港的崛起与上海特别是租界地区的城市化进程,是犯罪问题严重的根本原因；战后大规模的外来移民和以青壮年、文盲和半文盲为主的移民构成,是以财产性犯罪为主的犯罪案件居高不下的主要动因；上海的城市化空间规划与南北两市不同的的治安管理模式,是犯罪空间特征分布的直接动因。总之,在开埠后特别是太平天国战后,在上海城市化进程加快和大规模移民涌入的宏观背景下,本文通过运用城市地理学、城市社会学、犯罪社会学、社会心理学多学科、多角度的理论与研究范式,对城区犯罪的时空分布、犯罪类型构成和犯罪人员属性构成的综合把握,并进一步深入探讨开埠后上海剧烈的社会变迁、上海人社会心态的时代特征,以及五方杂处、商贸繁盛下的纷繁复杂的社会管理进程。
[Abstract]:This paper, taking the temporal and spatial distribution of crime as the breakthrough point, empirically studies the spatial distribution of crime in the urban area of Shanghai in 1870s. In the study method, the author uses the case record in the "Declaration >" to establish the crime database of Shanghai City, and uses MapInfo to make the space distribution map of the crime, and then the space process of the urban crime in Shanghai in the early 1870s. And then, using the annual report of the public concession Bureau of labor and the annual report of the public Council of the French concession, the information and forms of the crime, the form of the report, combined with the daily statistics of the crime, a restoration of the characteristics of the time distribution of the crime in the urban area of Shanghai (such as the year / month of the crime) and the age of the offender, sex, occupation and educational level. In the end, the spatial distribution of crime, the distribution of the time of crime, the constitution of the crime and the social attributes of the perpetrators are integrated into the historical and space-time background of the spatial expansion of the urbanization of Shanghai, the social management of the concession and the system of the meeting system. In addition, it is worth noting that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the knives will be on the post war post war. The scale, type and immigrant quality of the sea emigrant are related to the constitution of crime and the time distribution of crime in Shanghai in 1870s, as well as the differences in the management system, the judicial system and the methods of social control in the two cities of Shanghai and the north, and the types of crime in the two regions of Shanghai and the concession, the mode of public security and trial, the type of punishment and so on. The author finds that the rise of Shanghai port after the opening of the port and the urbanization process of Shanghai, especially in the concession area, are the fundamental causes of the serious crime problem, and the large-scale foreign immigrants after the war and the young and young years after the war, through the comprehensive consideration of the temporal and spatial distribution of criminal cases in the urban area of Shanghai in 1870s and the constitution of the criminals. The composition of illiteracy and semi illiteracy is the main cause of the crime, which is dominated by property crime; the urban spatial planning of Shanghai and the different modes of public security management in the two cities of the north and the south are the direct causes of the distribution of the characteristics of the crime space.
In short, after the opening of the port, especially after the post-war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, in the macro background of the acceleration of urbanization and the influx of large scale immigrants in Shanghai, this paper uses urban geography, urban sociology, criminal sociology, and social psychology in many disciplines, multi angle theory and research model, which constitutes the temporal and spatial distribution of crime in urban areas, the type of crime and the type of crime. The comprehensive grasp of the constitution of the criminal personnel, and further in-depth discussion of the dramatic social changes in Shanghai after the opening of the port, the characteristics of the times of the social mentality of the people in Shanghai, and the complicated and complicated social management process under the prosperity of the commercial and commercial prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K256

【相似文献】