锡箔的社会文化史：以民国江浙地区为中心

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:17

【摘要】： 本文是一个关于锡箔的社会文化史研究。以民国时期江浙地区的锡箔业为个案,探讨了锡箔这种特殊形式的纸钱在江浙一带的兴起,及其生产工艺、制造与流通网络。锡箔是中国祭祀礼仪中常用的一种纸钱。但是由于相关资料的零散,锡箔生产与流通的历史较少引起研究者的瞩目。然而,在现代中国反迷信运动的过程中,由于政府需要对使用和生产锡箔的行为进行控制与改造,使这一原本鲜为人知的行业进入了人们的视野。锡箔在中国社会中所承载的社会功能与文化内涵,表现在人们对锡箔起源的追溯中。这种追溯又可分为两个部分,首先是对纸钱起源的追溯,其次是对锡箔这种特殊纸钱的追溯。在对纸钱起源的追溯中,儒家构建起了一个从明器到瘗钱再到纸钱、焚烧纸钱的发展谱系,从而赋予了纸钱合乎礼仪规范的特性。而反对纸钱者则提出了不同的起源可能性。对于锡箔起源的说法,不见诸史籍记载,而来自江浙一带的民间传说。这些传说指出,锡箔的起源与明太祖朱元璋有着直接的关系。这些传说反映了锡箔的兴起与明代贵银思想之间的关联。杭、绍、甬是江浙锡箔的主要产地。上海则在近代开埠以来,成为了江浙锡箔产销网络中的枢纽。本文通过对锡箔的生产工艺、生产组织与流通网络的考察,力图揭示的是,尽管现代反迷信话语将锡箔业塑造成一种落后、衰败的地方产业,实际上,锡箔的产销却拥有一个辐射全国的严密而活跃的网络；锡料的进口和锡箔成品的出口,更牵涉到一个国际贸易网络。民国时期江浙地区锡箔业的个案,为我们探讨现代反迷信的表达和实践提供了一个新的角度。在南京国民政府初期的反迷信运动中,政府对江浙锡箔业征收“迷信捐”,以期达到“寓禁于征”的目的。围绕着这一税收的名义与税率,箔商与政府、地方与中央之间展开了长时间的博弈。“迷信捐”将改造国民和改革税制这两个现代国家政权建设中的重要环节纠结在了一起。在此过程中,锡箔业作为江浙地区的一种重要地方产业,与地方的利益紧密地联系在一起,表现出不绝如缕的生命力,折射出具体历史场景下反迷信运动的复杂性。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study on the history of the society and culture of tin foil. Taking the tin foil industry in Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the period of the Republic of China as an example, the paper discusses the rise of the special form of paper money in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, as well as its production technology, manufacture and circulation network. Tin foil is a kind of paper money commonly used in Chinese sacrificial rites. However, due to the scattered data, the history of tin foil production and circulation attracted little attention. However, in the process of anti-superstition movement in modern China, the government needs to control and reform the behavior of using and producing tin foil, which makes this little-known industry into the field of vision. The social function and cultural connotation of tin foil in Chinese society are reflected in people's tracing back to the origin of tin foil. This traceability can be divided into two parts: the first is the tracing of the origin of paper money, and the second is the tracing of special paper money such as tin foil. In tracing back to the origin of paper money, Confucianism constructed a development pedigree from Ming Dynasty to bury money and then to paper money, thus giving paper money the characteristic of conformability and propriety. Opponents of paper money, on the other hand, put forward different possibilities of origin. For the origin of tin foil, there are no historical records, but from the region of Jiangsu and Zhejiang folklore. These legends point out that the origin of tinfoil and Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang has a direct relationship. These legends reflect the connection between the rise of tinfoil and the thought of Guiyin in Ming Dynasty. Hang, Shao, Ningbo is the main origin of Jiangsu and Zhejiang foil. Shanghai has become the hub of Jiangsu and Zhejiang foil production and marketing network since its opening in modern times. Through the investigation of the production technology, production organization and circulation network of tin foil, this paper tries to reveal that, although modern antisuperstitious discourse portrays tin foil industry as a backward and declining local industry, in fact, However, the production and marketing of tin foil has a strict and active network of radiation throughout the country, and the import of tin and the export of finished tin foil also involve an international trade network. The case of the foil industry in Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the period of the Republic of China provides a new angle for us to explore the expression and practice of modern anti-superstition. In the early anti-superstition movement of the Nanjing National Government, the government collected "superstitious donation" to Jiangsu and Zhejiang tin foil industry, in order to achieve the goal of "prohibiting the collection". Around the name of the tax and tax rate, foil and government, local and central game between a long period of time. Superstitious donation intertwined the reform of the nation and the reform of the tax system. In this process, tin foil industry, as an important local industry in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, is closely related to local interests, showing inexhaustible vitality and reflecting the complexity of anti-superstition movement in specific historical scenes.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K258

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