战后湖北善后救济研究（1945-1947）

发布时间：2018-07-27 16:39

【摘要】：二战后,为帮助世界受灾各国尽快恢复战争创伤、稳定社会秩序,在英美等国的倡导下,成立了联合国善后救济总署。在中国,成立了行政院善后救济总署及在各地成立分署,利用联总援华之物资对受战争破坏严重地区进行善后与救济。 1945年11月,善后救济总署湖北分署一经成立,即对湖北地区之灾情进行调查,在了解湖北受灾情况的基础上对湖北善后救济进行规划,明确湖北分署的使命,积极组建机构,开展对湖北地区的善后救济。湖北分署的善后救济活动,一定程度上稳定了湖北社会秩序,但在国共内战的时局下,善后救济成果大打折扣。本文分四部分进行阐述：第一部分阐述善后救济之缘起及机构设立。简述战后联总、行总、解总的成立及湖北战后灾情,明确湖北善后救济的必要性和紧迫性。对湖北分署的设立、组织机构、人员配备及善后救济原则、物资储运等进行分析。第二部分主要对湖北分署所开展的救济与善后业务的具体实施进行详细阐述。湖北善后救济工作分救济与善后两部分。1946年9月以前,主要以救济为主,即开展急赈、特赈、难民救济,为大批缺衣少食之民众及返乡之难民提供救济。1946年9月以后,以善后为主,包括以工代赈、农业复员、工矿复员和医药善后。第三部分具体阐述湖北分署对中原解放区的善后救济。受战后国内时局影响,国共对解放区的救济呈现出合作与对峙相交织的局面。受联总协定和国共和谈的影响,行总不得不对解放区进行救济,在中原解放区设立宣化店办事处办理中原解放区的善后救济。但在救济过程中,国共双方出于各自不同的利益立场,又难免产生摩擦,这样,在对中原解放区的善后救济过程中,出现各方力量的博弈。但因湖北分署内有一批进步民主人士及地下共产党员从中斡旋,使中原解放区获相对较多之物资,并为中原突围的胜利作出重要贡献。第四部分对湖北分署善后救济工作取得的成效及其行政效率进行评估。湖北分署在艰难困苦的环境下,救济了大批的灾民,为湖北经济的恢复奠定了一定基础。但同时,受当时国内政治军事时局的影响,加上物资缺乏等客观因素,使包括湖北在内的全国善后救济成果都大打折扣。因此,在这种情况下,从善后救济机构本身出发,对其行政效率进行分析,或许于我们而言更具意义。
[Abstract]:After World War II, in order to help the world's affected countries recover the war trauma as soon as possible and stabilize the social order, under the initiative of Britain and the United States and other countries, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was established. In China, the Executive Yuan's General Administration for Rehabilitation and Relief and its branch offices have been set up in various localities to carry out rehabilitation and relief in areas seriously damaged by the war using the materials of the United Nations General Administration for Assistance to China. In November 1945, the Hubei Branch of the Rehabilitation and Relief Administration was established. That is, to investigate the disaster situation in Hubei, on the basis of understanding the situation of Hubei disaster relief planning for Hubei Province, to clarify the mission of Hubei Branch, to actively set up institutions to carry out relief for the aftermath of Hubei region. The relief activities of Hubei Branch have stabilized the social order in Hubei to a certain extent, but under the current situation of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the results of the relief after the rehabilitation have been greatly reduced. This article is divided into four parts: the first part describes the origin of relief and institutional establishment. The necessity and urgency of the relief after the postwar period in Hubei are described briefly, including the general union, the general operation, the total establishment and the post-war disaster situation in Hubei. This paper analyzes the establishment, organization, staffing and relief principle, material storage and transportation of Hubei Branch. The second part mainly elaborates the implementation of the relief and rehabilitation business carried out by Hubei Branch. The relief work in Hubei Province is divided into two parts: relief and rehabilitation. Before September 1946, relief was the main form of relief, namely, emergency relief, special relief and refugee relief, which provided relief to large numbers of people who were lacking food and clothing and who had returned home. After September 1946, To deal with the main aftermath, including relief for work, agricultural demobilization, mine demobilization and medical rehabilitation. The third part elaborates the relief of Hubei Branch to the Central Plains liberated areas. Influenced by the domestic situation after the war, the relief of the Kuomintang and Communist Party to the liberated areas presents a situation of intertwined cooperation and confrontation. Under the influence of the General Agreement of the United Nations and the KMT and CPC peace talks, the Party had to carry out relief to the liberated areas and set up a Xuanhuadian office in the liberated areas of the Central Plains to deal with the relief of the aftermath of the liberated areas in the Central Plains. However, in the process of relief, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, out of their respective interest positions, will inevitably produce friction, thus, in the relief process of the Central Plains liberated areas, there is a game of power between the parties. However, as a group of progressive Democrats and underground Communists mediated in Hubei Branch, the liberated areas of the Central Plains got relatively more materials and made important contributions to the victory of the Central Plains Breakthrough. The fourth part evaluates the effectiveness and administrative efficiency of the relief work of Hubei Branch. Hubei branch bureau relief a large number of disaster victims under the difficult and difficult environment, and laid a certain foundation for Hubei's economic recovery. But at the same time, under the influence of the domestic political and military situation at that time, coupled with the lack of materials and other objective factors, the relief results of the whole country, including Hubei Province, were greatly reduced. Therefore, in this case, it may be more meaningful for us to analyze the administrative efficiency of the relief organization itself.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K266

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