建国初期河南新乡县土地改革的历史考察
发布时间：2018-08-01 13:29
【摘要】：从抗日战争到国共内战,中国一直处于战争的硝烟之中,战争使无数人妻离子散家破人亡.特别是农村,遭受的影响最大,战争使农村人口锐减,加上天灾,时旱使得耕地面积的不断减少,土地荒芜的现象日益严重。农民被各种苛捐杂税压的喘不过气,沉重的徭役、兵役,使他们无法继续在原有的土地上生存,只有选择逃亡。河南自古以来就是一个农业大省,农民数量巨大。解放前农村经济结构主要是封建经济,官僚资本主义经济和帝国主义经济,他们在政治,经济等各方面残酷的压榨着农民。因此以农业为主的河南情况更为糟糕,河南农民的生活几乎到了破产的边缘,生产力水平每况愈下。 位于河南北部的新乡县,1949年5月全县解放,虽然革命政权已经建立起来,但各种反革命势力仍然存在,他们化整为零,分散隐蔽起来,时刻准备反攻,企图颠覆新生政权,社会秩序遭到破坏。因此,1949年3月,中共新乡县委领导全县人民开展了肃匪反霸运动,并取得了巨大的胜利,为土改运动的进行营造了一个良好的政治环境。从1949年冬到1950年春,在中共新乡县委员会的领导下,短短7个月内,就在全县范围内完成了土地改革运动。土改运动之前,在县委和县政府的领导下,开展了多种多样的宣传发动工作,培养训练了一大批干部,让他们深入农村,进行土改工作。全县215个行政村,分三批全面开展土改工作,第一批从1949年11月-1950年1月,第二批从1950年1月-1950年2月,第三批从1950年2月-1950年3月,复查发证阶段从1950年3月-1950年6月,主要工作是丈地发证,并纠正之前工作中的偏向。新乡县的土改大体分为几个阶段:宣传发动、建立农会;划分阶级;没收征收;分配果实;改造政权;复查发证转向生产。 新乡县的土改运动为巩固政权,发展生产方面做出了巨大的贡献。土改中农民获得了土地,地主阶级被彻底清除,几千年来的封建土地制度被废除。但由于种种原因,在新乡县的土改运动中,还存在不少偏向和不足,比如政策贯彻和执行不够,对干部群众的民主教育不够,匪特肃清不够,出现左倾错误等,给土改工作的进行带来了不少困难。
[Abstract]:From the war of resistance against Japan to the civil war of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, China has been in the smoke of the war, and the war has made countless wives and ions scattered. Especially in the countryside, the country has suffered the greatest impact. The war has made the rural population sharp and the natural disaster, the drought has made the arable land less and more serious. Henan has been a big agricultural province since ancient times, and the number of farmers is huge. The economic structure of the rural areas before liberation is mainly feudal economy, bureaucrat capitalist economy and imperialist economy, they are in political, economic and other aspects. The cruelty is squeezing the farmers. So the agriculture - based Henan is even worse. The life of the farmers in Henan almost goes to the edge of bankruptcy, and the level of productivity has gone from bad to worse.
In Xinxiang County, north of Henan, the whole county was liberated in May 1949. Although the revolutionary political power had been established, all kinds of counter revolutionary forces still existed. They were divided into zero, dispersed and concealed. They were always preparing to counter attack, trying to subvert the new regime and the social order was destroyed. In March 1949, the Xinxiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China led the people of the whole county. From the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950 and under the leadership of the Xinxiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China, the land reform movement was completed within 7 months from the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950. Under the leadership of the county and county governments, the land reform movement was completed within the county level within a short period of the period of the Communist Party of China. A variety of propaganda and launching work has been carried out to train a large number of cadres, let them go into the rural areas and carry out land reform. 215 administrative villages in the county have been carried out in three batches, the first batch from January -1950 November 1949, the second batch from February January 1950, February, and the third batch from February 1950 -1950 March, to review the issuing stage. From March 1950 -1950 June, the main work was to verify the work of Xinxiang County, and to correct the bias in the previous work. In general, the soil reform in the county was divided into several stages: the propaganda, the establishment of the peasant association, the division of the class; the confiscation of the collection; the distribution of the fruit; the transformation of the political power; the reexamination of the certificate turning to production.
The soil reform movement in Xinxiang county has made great contributions to the consolidation of the political power and the development of the production. The peasants obtained the land in the soil reform, the landlord class has been completely cleared up and the feudal land system has been abolished for thousands of years. But for a variety of reasons, there are still a lot of deviations and shortcomings in the civil reform movement in Xinxiang County, such as the implementation and implementation of the policy. Enough democratic education for cadres and the masses, insufficient elimination of bandits, and left-leaning mistakes have brought about many difficulties in carrying out land reform.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2157734
[Abstract]:From the war of resistance against Japan to the civil war of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, China has been in the smoke of the war, and the war has made countless wives and ions scattered. Especially in the countryside, the country has suffered the greatest impact. The war has made the rural population sharp and the natural disaster, the drought has made the arable land less and more serious. Henan has been a big agricultural province since ancient times, and the number of farmers is huge. The economic structure of the rural areas before liberation is mainly feudal economy, bureaucrat capitalist economy and imperialist economy, they are in political, economic and other aspects. The cruelty is squeezing the farmers. So the agriculture - based Henan is even worse. The life of the farmers in Henan almost goes to the edge of bankruptcy, and the level of productivity has gone from bad to worse.
In Xinxiang County, north of Henan, the whole county was liberated in May 1949. Although the revolutionary political power had been established, all kinds of counter revolutionary forces still existed. They were divided into zero, dispersed and concealed. They were always preparing to counter attack, trying to subvert the new regime and the social order was destroyed. In March 1949, the Xinxiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China led the people of the whole county. From the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950 and under the leadership of the Xinxiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China, the land reform movement was completed within 7 months from the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950. Under the leadership of the county and county governments, the land reform movement was completed within the county level within a short period of the period of the Communist Party of China. A variety of propaganda and launching work has been carried out to train a large number of cadres, let them go into the rural areas and carry out land reform. 215 administrative villages in the county have been carried out in three batches, the first batch from January -1950 November 1949, the second batch from February January 1950, February, and the third batch from February 1950 -1950 March, to review the issuing stage. From March 1950 -1950 June, the main work was to verify the work of Xinxiang County, and to correct the bias in the previous work. In general, the soil reform in the county was divided into several stages: the propaganda, the establishment of the peasant association, the division of the class; the confiscation of the collection; the distribution of the fruit; the transformation of the political power; the reexamination of the certificate turning to production.
The soil reform movement in Xinxiang county has made great contributions to the consolidation of the political power and the development of the production. The peasants obtained the land in the soil reform, the landlord class has been completely cleared up and the feudal land system has been abolished for thousands of years. But for a variety of reasons, there are still a lot of deviations and shortcomings in the civil reform movement in Xinxiang County, such as the implementation and implementation of the policy. Enough democratic education for cadres and the masses, insufficient elimination of bandits, and left-leaning mistakes have brought about many difficulties in carrying out land reform.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27
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