李鸿章“和戎”思想及其在边防建设中的实践
发布时间：2018-08-02 17:01
【摘要】：李鸿章所生活的时代,晚清政府国力衰退,内部危机四伏,外部面对数千年未有之强敌。在前所未有的大变局中,李鸿章走上晚清政坛,长期参与中外交涉。在与西方列强的接触中,李鸿章逐渐认识到西方军事力量远非清军所能相比。他认为中国若想转弱为强、转危为安,就必须向西方学习,进行“变法”以自强。“变法”需要一个安定的发展环境,所以在办理外交事件中,李鸿章往往主张息事宁人,表现出对外妥协的态度。实际上并不是如此,李鸿章对外“和戎”是期望争取以较小的代价换取和平环境,为发展自强运动创造条件。由此,李鸿章提出“外需和戎,内需变法”的思想,并以此作为自强运动的主体政策。为贯彻“和戎”思想,面对西北边疆危机之时,李鸿章不惜主张放弃国土转而全力进行军事自强建设。在后来的西南边疆危急之时,李鸿章清楚越南对于西南边防的重要性,主张在越南划定南北分界线,以保全越南独立继而保证西南边疆地区的安全。李鸿章对外“和戎”,对内则积极进行“变法”。在和平时期他积极支持边疆地区的军事、经济建设,旨在巩固边防的同时带动边疆地区人口、经济的发展。李鸿章所指定的总体发展政策是适合时宜的,但受制于内外因素,不能有效执行。最终清王朝在内忧外患之中,一步一步走向穷途末路。
[Abstract]:Li Hongzhang lived in the late Qing Dynasty, the national strength of the government declined, the internal crisis, external facing thousands of years of unparalleled enemy. In the unprecedented great change, Li Hongzhang went to politics in late Qing Dynasty and took part in Chinese and foreign negotiations for a long time. In his contacts with Western powers, Li Hongzhang gradually realized that Western military power was far beyond the Qing army's ability. He believes that if China wants to become strong and dangerous, it must learn from the West and "reform" in order to strengthen itself. "Reform" needs a stable development environment, so in the handling of diplomatic affairs, Li Hongzhang often advocates peace of mind and shows an attitude of compromise. In fact, it is not the case that Li Hongzhang wants to strive for a peaceful environment at a lower cost and to create conditions for the development of the self-strengthening movement. Therefore, Li Hongzhang puts forward the idea of "external demand and military, domestic demand reform", and regards it as the main policy of self-strengthening movement. In order to carry out the thought of "Harong", faced with the crisis of Northwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang did not hesitate to give up the territory and carry on the military self-strengthening construction. In the later crisis of the Southwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang understood the importance of Vietnam to the Southwest Frontier, and advocated the demarcation line between the North and the South in Vietnam in order to preserve the independence of Vietnam and then ensure the security of the Southwest Frontier region. Li Hongzhang external "and Rong", the internal actively carried out "reform." In peacetime, he actively supported the military and economic construction in the frontier areas, aiming at consolidating the border defense and promoting the population and economic development of the frontier areas. The overall development policy specified by Li Hongzhang is timely, but limited by internal and external factors, and can not be effectively implemented. Finally, the Qing Dynasty in the internal and external troubles, step by step to the end of the road.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252
本文编号：2160090
[Abstract]:Li Hongzhang lived in the late Qing Dynasty, the national strength of the government declined, the internal crisis, external facing thousands of years of unparalleled enemy. In the unprecedented great change, Li Hongzhang went to politics in late Qing Dynasty and took part in Chinese and foreign negotiations for a long time. In his contacts with Western powers, Li Hongzhang gradually realized that Western military power was far beyond the Qing army's ability. He believes that if China wants to become strong and dangerous, it must learn from the West and "reform" in order to strengthen itself. "Reform" needs a stable development environment, so in the handling of diplomatic affairs, Li Hongzhang often advocates peace of mind and shows an attitude of compromise. In fact, it is not the case that Li Hongzhang wants to strive for a peaceful environment at a lower cost and to create conditions for the development of the self-strengthening movement. Therefore, Li Hongzhang puts forward the idea of "external demand and military, domestic demand reform", and regards it as the main policy of self-strengthening movement. In order to carry out the thought of "Harong", faced with the crisis of Northwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang did not hesitate to give up the territory and carry on the military self-strengthening construction. In the later crisis of the Southwest Frontier, Li Hongzhang understood the importance of Vietnam to the Southwest Frontier, and advocated the demarcation line between the North and the South in Vietnam in order to preserve the independence of Vietnam and then ensure the security of the Southwest Frontier region. Li Hongzhang external "and Rong", the internal actively carried out "reform." In peacetime, he actively supported the military and economic construction in the frontier areas, aiming at consolidating the border defense and promoting the population and economic development of the frontier areas. The overall development policy specified by Li Hongzhang is timely, but limited by internal and external factors, and can not be effectively implemented. Finally, the Qing Dynasty in the internal and external troubles, step by step to the end of the road.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252
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