制造国民：革命中国的体验1900-1915
发布时间：2018-08-04 16:06
【摘要】：辛亥革命前后,革命者所面临的难题,是如何将清帝国旧秩序下的“臣民”,改造为符合新的共和国的“国民”。但革命者首先面临的两个问题是：“国民”究竟是什么?究竟怎样才算是“国民”? 为解决第一个问题,革命者需要做的,就是创造出一个他们心目中的“国民”形象作为范本。在中国传统固有的“国民”概念的基础上,维新派知识分子从西方引进了新的政治含义上的“国民”的概念,革命者则将其合二为一,创造出一种符合革命者心中理想的“国民”形象。 新的民国政权的建立,使革命者理想中”“国民”形象,具有了成为现实的可能。于是,究竟怎样才算是“国民”这个问题,就提上了革命的日程。在革命者看来,要解决这个问题,就要对算不上“国民”的广大民众进行改造,使他们算得上“国民”。雄心勃勃的“制造国民”计划于焉肇端。 为了达到上述目的,相信“目的决定手段正确”的革命者,分别采取了暴力规训这比较酷烈的方式和公开展示这一较为温和的宣传形式,双管齐下,来达成自己的改造民众的目的。前者主要是改造国民的身体,使外貌上接近他们理想中的国民形象。后者则是规训国民的行为,通过权力展示和宣传等手段来重新塑造国民的行为举.¨：,从而更进一步改造民众的意识,使民众由外而内,成为革命者心中合格的“国民”。 通过分析发现,革命者自以为得计的“制造国民”计划并不十分成功,他们所采取的强制性暴力手段只是迫使民众在身体上屈服；其通过政治仪式的展示,试图以上行下效的方式来改造民众的方案,却因为过于高深而被民众报以冷漠,而在公开场合的宣传策略,反而培养起一群高声应和的群氓。 尽管如此,辛亥革命期间,革命者制造国民的计划仍然留下了意想不到的遗产——人是可以进行改造,这成为了革命中国大规模社会改造工程的肇端。
[Abstract]:Before and after the 1911 Revolution, the revolutionaries were confronted with the problem of how to transform the "subjects" under the old order of the Qing Empire into "nationals" in line with the new republic. But the first two questions the revolutionaries face are: what is a "national"? What on earth is a "national"? To solve the first problem, revolutionaries need to create a national image as a model. On the basis of the traditional Chinese concept of "national", the reformist intellectuals introduced the concept of "national" in a new political sense from the West, and the revolutionaries merged it into one. Create a "national" image that meets the ideals of the revolutionaries. The establishment of the new regime of the Republic of China makes the image of "the nation" in the revolutionary ideal possible to become a reality. Thus, the question of what constitutes a "national" has been put on the agenda of the revolution. In the revolutionaries' view, to solve this problem, we must transform the masses of people who are not "nationals" so that they can be "nationals." The ambitious "manufacture of the Nation" project is at the end of Yanzhao. In order to achieve the above purpose, revolutionaries who believe that "the end determines the right means" have adopted a more cool and vigorous way of discipline of violence and a more moderate form of propaganda on public display, both in a two-pronged manner. To achieve their own goal of reforming the people. The former is mainly to transform the national body, so that appearance close to their ideal national image. On the other hand, the latter is to discipline the behavior of the people, by means of power display and propaganda, to remodel the behavior of the people, so as to further transform the people's consciousness, to make the people from outside to inside, and to become a qualified "national" in the minds of revolutionaries. Through analysis, it was found that the plan of "making the Nation" that the revolutionaries thought they had planned was not very successful, and that the coercive means of violence they used were merely to force the people to succumb physically; they were displayed through political ceremonies. Attempts to reform the public in a way that works in an effective way are reported by the public for being too advanced, and propaganda strategies in public rather than in public foster a crowd of responsive mobs. Nevertheless, during the Revolution of 1911, the revolutionary's plan to create a nation left an unexpected legacy-man could be transformed, which became the beginning of a large-scale social transformation project in revolutionary China.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K251
[Abstract]:Before and after the 1911 Revolution, the revolutionaries were confronted with the problem of how to transform the "subjects" under the old order of the Qing Empire into "nationals" in line with the new republic. But the first two questions the revolutionaries face are: what is a "national"? What on earth is a "national"? To solve the first problem, revolutionaries need to create a national image as a model. On the basis of the traditional Chinese concept of "national", the reformist intellectuals introduced the concept of "national" in a new political sense from the West, and the revolutionaries merged it into one. Create a "national" image that meets the ideals of the revolutionaries. The establishment of the new regime of the Republic of China makes the image of "the nation" in the revolutionary ideal possible to become a reality. Thus, the question of what constitutes a "national" has been put on the agenda of the revolution. In the revolutionaries' view, to solve this problem, we must transform the masses of people who are not "nationals" so that they can be "nationals." The ambitious "manufacture of the Nation" project is at the end of Yanzhao. In order to achieve the above purpose, revolutionaries who believe that "the end determines the right means" have adopted a more cool and vigorous way of discipline of violence and a more moderate form of propaganda on public display, both in a two-pronged manner. To achieve their own goal of reforming the people. The former is mainly to transform the national body, so that appearance close to their ideal national image. On the other hand, the latter is to discipline the behavior of the people, by means of power display and propaganda, to remodel the behavior of the people, so as to further transform the people's consciousness, to make the people from outside to inside, and to become a qualified "national" in the minds of revolutionaries. Through analysis, it was found that the plan of "making the Nation" that the revolutionaries thought they had planned was not very successful, and that the coercive means of violence they used were merely to force the people to succumb physically; they were displayed through political ceremonies. Attempts to reform the public in a way that works in an effective way are reported by the public for being too advanced, and propaganda strategies in public rather than in public foster a crowd of responsive mobs. Nevertheless, during the Revolution of 1911, the revolutionary's plan to create a nation left an unexpected legacy-man could be transformed, which became the beginning of a large-scale social transformation project in revolutionary China.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K251
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