建国后自流人口入疆研究（1949-1979）
发布时间：2018-08-07 14:18
【摘要】：自流人口是我国一直存在的一种特殊人口迁移类型。自流人口不是由政府有计划、有组织地加以迁徙,而是由他们自发地按照一定的需要和可能,从难以谋生的地区自由地迁移到谋生相对容易的地区。建国后至改革开放前,由于新疆相对较高的生活条件以及劳动力的缺乏,大量自流人口入疆。在1949-1979年的30年间,进入新疆的自流人口大约100多万。入疆自流人口在职业构成上,以农民为主,学生次之,工人也有一些。另外还有退伍军人、乡村基层干部、乞丐,当然也有极少部分流窜犯人。自流人口入疆的原因既有经济方面,也有政治和社会方面,但根本原因是谋生。自流支边人口中,以甘肃、河南、四川、山东的人居多。自流人口入疆分为三个时期,第一段时期是1949—1958年,自流人员进疆主要以工作谋生为目的。第二段时期是1959—1961年,自流人员主要是以躲避饥荒、灾难为目的涌入新疆。第三阶段是1962——1979年,自流人员主要是投亲靠友来疆谋生。 新疆政府对于流入农村的自流人口采取就地安置的办法,流入城镇的采取收容安置,不接受安置的则遣送原籍,潜逃流窜的皆要押送原籍处理。新疆生产建设兵团是接纳内地自流人口的重要单位,截止1970年末,兵团共安置入疆自流人口就业21.5万人。大量自流人口的到来,满足了新疆各地区、各部门、各行业对劳动力和技术力量的需求,从而促进了新疆工农业建设事业的发展。自流人口对于开拓边疆,屯垦戍边起着不可磨灭的历史作用。当然,由于没有政府的组织领导,自流人口也给新疆带来某些消极作用,比如人口压力、生态问题、社会负担等等。 当今学术界对入疆自流人口的研究很少,偶有相关论及,多零星散见于人口与人口迁移方面的专著中。有鉴于此,笔者拟在搜集到的数据基础上对1949年至1979年自流人口入疆这一历史事件进行细致的阐述、分析。并以史料为依据对入疆自流人口对新疆的影响做出客观、公正的评价。总体来说,自流人口入疆是利大于弊的,历史证明,只要加以积极的管理和引导,自流人口给新疆带来的不利问题是不难解决的。自流人口管理的根本目的和意义在于兴利除弊,使其和新疆城乡社会经济发展相协调。
[Abstract]:Self-flow population is a special type of population migration in China. The spontaneous migration of the population is not planned and organized by the government, but by their spontaneous migration from areas where it is difficult to earn a living and where it is relatively easy to make a living, according to certain needs and possibilities. From the founding of the people's Republic of China to the reform and opening up to the outside world, due to the relatively high living conditions and the lack of labor force in Xinjiang, a large number of self-flowing population entered Xinjiang. During the 30-year period from 1949 to 1979, more than a million people entered Xinjiang. In the composition of occupation, peasants are the main occupation, students take second place, and workers have some. There are also veterans, rural grassroots cadres, beggars and, of course, very few displaced prisoners. The reasons for the influx of self-flowing population include economic, political and social aspects, but the fundamental reason is to earn a living. Among the population of self-flowing branches, Gansu, Henan, Sichuan, and Shandong are the majority. The first period is 1949-1958. The main purpose of the self-flowing population is to earn a living. The second period was 1959-1961, and the main purpose of self-flow was to escape famine and disaster. The third stage was 1962-1979, the main self-sex personnel to rely on friends to make a living in Xinjiang. The Xinjiang government adopted the method of local integration for the self-flowing population flowing into rural areas, and adopted resettlement for those who entered cities and towns. Those who did not accept resettlement were sent back to their places of origin, and those who absconded and fled all had to be escorted to their places of origin to deal with. The Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is an important unit to accept the self-floating population in the mainland. By the end of 1970, the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps had placed 215000 self-displaced people in Xinjiang for employment. The arrival of a large number of self-flowing population has satisfied the demand of labor force and technical force in all regions, departments and industries in Xinjiang, thus promoting the development of Xinjiang's industrial and agricultural construction. The self-flowing population plays an indelible historical role in the development of frontier areas and the opening up and garrisoning of frontier areas. Of course, without the leadership of the government, the self-flowing population also brings some negative effects to Xinjiang, such as population pressure, ecological problems, social burden and so on. Nowadays, there are few researches on the self-flowing population in Xinjiang, which are occasionally discussed and scattered in the monographs of population and population migration. In view of this, the author intends to elaborate and analyze the historical event of self-flowing population entering Xinjiang from 1949 to 1979 on the basis of the collected data. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes an objective and fair evaluation on the impact of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang. Generally speaking, the advantages of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang are greater than the disadvantages. History has proved that as long as it is actively managed and guided, the unfavorable problems brought by the self-flowing population to Xinjiang are not difficult to solve. The basic purpose and significance of the self-flowing population management lies in doing the beneficial things, removing the malpractices and coordinating it with the social and economic development of Xinjiang's urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2170296
[Abstract]:Self-flow population is a special type of population migration in China. The spontaneous migration of the population is not planned and organized by the government, but by their spontaneous migration from areas where it is difficult to earn a living and where it is relatively easy to make a living, according to certain needs and possibilities. From the founding of the people's Republic of China to the reform and opening up to the outside world, due to the relatively high living conditions and the lack of labor force in Xinjiang, a large number of self-flowing population entered Xinjiang. During the 30-year period from 1949 to 1979, more than a million people entered Xinjiang. In the composition of occupation, peasants are the main occupation, students take second place, and workers have some. There are also veterans, rural grassroots cadres, beggars and, of course, very few displaced prisoners. The reasons for the influx of self-flowing population include economic, political and social aspects, but the fundamental reason is to earn a living. Among the population of self-flowing branches, Gansu, Henan, Sichuan, and Shandong are the majority. The first period is 1949-1958. The main purpose of the self-flowing population is to earn a living. The second period was 1959-1961, and the main purpose of self-flow was to escape famine and disaster. The third stage was 1962-1979, the main self-sex personnel to rely on friends to make a living in Xinjiang. The Xinjiang government adopted the method of local integration for the self-flowing population flowing into rural areas, and adopted resettlement for those who entered cities and towns. Those who did not accept resettlement were sent back to their places of origin, and those who absconded and fled all had to be escorted to their places of origin to deal with. The Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is an important unit to accept the self-floating population in the mainland. By the end of 1970, the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps had placed 215000 self-displaced people in Xinjiang for employment. The arrival of a large number of self-flowing population has satisfied the demand of labor force and technical force in all regions, departments and industries in Xinjiang, thus promoting the development of Xinjiang's industrial and agricultural construction. The self-flowing population plays an indelible historical role in the development of frontier areas and the opening up and garrisoning of frontier areas. Of course, without the leadership of the government, the self-flowing population also brings some negative effects to Xinjiang, such as population pressure, ecological problems, social burden and so on. Nowadays, there are few researches on the self-flowing population in Xinjiang, which are occasionally discussed and scattered in the monographs of population and population migration. In view of this, the author intends to elaborate and analyze the historical event of self-flowing population entering Xinjiang from 1949 to 1979 on the basis of the collected data. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes an objective and fair evaluation on the impact of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang. Generally speaking, the advantages of the self-flowing population in Xinjiang are greater than the disadvantages. History has proved that as long as it is actively managed and guided, the unfavorable problems brought by the self-flowing population to Xinjiang are not difficult to solve. The basic purpose and significance of the self-flowing population management lies in doing the beneficial things, removing the malpractices and coordinating it with the social and economic development of Xinjiang's urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27
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