1950—1952年甘肃定西土地改革研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 15:13

【摘要】：从1950年末至1952年底，在中国共产党的领导下，全国新解放区开展了土地改革运动。与中国共产党领导的以往的土地改革运动不同，这次土改运动是在全国的人民政权已经建立的情况下开展的，建国初期中国共产党依然面对各种各样的挑战和不利局面，新区土改发生在这样一个非常时期，有着它的历史必然性。其时，在拥有2.64亿农业人口的新解放区，广大农民与地主阶级的尖锐矛盾依然存在，农村中的封建旧势力蠢蠢欲动，进行各种破坏活动，妄想改天换日。完成土地改革是中国新民主主义革命的必然要求，也是巩固农村人民基层政权的需要。加之当时处于新旧经济体制转变中，国内面临严峻的经济形势，中共中央要实现我国财政经济状况的根本好转，迈出的重要一步便是有步骤有秩序地进行土地改革。本文以新中国成立初期定西县的土地改革为个案研究对象，在查阅档案资料、吸收学术界研究成果和土改当事人口述资料收集的基础上，客观考察了定西县在土改时期的农民、地主、农村干部、政府和国家政策等情况，并分析了土改进程中乡村社会、农民、农村干部以及政策之间相互影响的微妙关系。全文共六部分：第一部分是绪言，分析了建国初期定西县土改的研究价值和进行了土改研究的学术史回顾。第二部分交待了中央及省地的相关政策法规，为地方进行土地改革提供了法律依据。第三部分阐述了建国初期定西县进行土地改革的准备工作，从减租减息运动，到剿匪反霸镇压反革命，到对土地占有状况的调查，这些准备工作的进行，为土地改革运动的顺利完成，，提供了良好的基础。第四部分，介绍土地改革运动的过程，运动首先从试办乡开始，经过试验的成功，继而推向全县，从而取得较大成功，加上土改复查阶段的纠正，最终完成了土地改革的任务，实现了“耕者有其田”的理想。第五部分总结了定西县土地改革运动，肯定了工作取得的成绩，并提出工作中存在的问题，也总结了运动中取得的经验教训。第六部分结语。
[Abstract]:From the end of 1950 to the end of 1952, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the land reform movement was launched in the newly liberated areas. Unlike the previous land reform movement led by the Communist Party of China, the current land reform movement was carried out under the conditions of the establishment of the people's power throughout the country. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China still faced all kinds of challenges and disadvantages. Land reform in the new area occurred in such an extraordinary period, with its historical inevitability. At that time, in the new liberated areas with a population of 264 million, the sharp contradiction between the broad masses of peasants and the landlord class still existed. The completion of land reform is an inevitable requirement of China's new democratic revolution and the need to consolidate the grassroots power of the rural people. In addition, at that time in the transformation of the old and new economic system, China is facing a severe economic situation. If the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China wants to realize the fundamental improvement of the financial and economic situation of our country, the important step taken is to carry out the land reform step by step and in an orderly manner. Taking the land reform of Dingxi County in the early stage of the founding of New China as the case study object, this paper, on the basis of consulting the archives, absorbing the academic research results and collecting the oral data of the land reform parties, objectively investigates the peasants in the period of the land reform in Dingxi County. The paper also analyzes the subtle relationship between rural society, peasants, rural cadres and policies in the process of land reform. This paper consists of six parts: the first part is the introduction, which analyzes the research value of land reform in Dingxi County in the early years of the people's Republic of China and reviews the academic history of land reform research. The second part introduces the relevant policies and regulations of the central government and provincial land, and provides the legal basis for the local land reform. The third part deals with the preparations for land reform in Dingxi County in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, from the movement of reducing rent and interest rates to the suppression of counter-revolutionaries by bandits and tyrants, to the investigation of land tenure, and the progress of these preparations. For the successful completion of the land reform movement, provided a good foundation. The fourth part introduces the process of the land reform movement, which, first of all, began with the trial of the township, was successful in the experiment, and then pushed to the whole county, thus achieving greater success. Together with the correction of the re-examination stage of the land reform, the movement finally completed the task of land reform. The ideal of "the tiller has his field" has been realized. The fifth part summarizes the land reform movement in Dingxi County, affirms the achievements of the work, points out the problems existing in the work, and summarizes the experience and lessons gained in the movement. Conclusion of the sixth part.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27;F301

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