民众教育馆与基层政权建设——以1928—1937年江苏省为中心

发布时间：2018-08-12 19:13

【摘要】：作为社会教育中心机构,抗战前江苏的民众教育馆面对九一八事变后内忧外患的危局,在旧精英失势、基层社会权力转移的过程中,产生协助政府重建基层社会秩序的意识;而国民政府因"官办自治"成效甚微及基层控制能力脆弱,也欲借助民众教育馆支持其参与基层政权建设。民众教育馆在其施教区组建以"改进会"为核心的基层自治组织,协助政府选举和训练基层领袖,召集各种"谈话会"协调基层社会的利益关系,承担大量调解民间纠纷的事务,投入"馆长兼区长"的政改实验等。这些作为,旨在协助政府在现有基层政治架构中强化官治系统,同时运用教育手段推进地方自治的政治理想。民众教育馆在协调与基层民众以及地方政府关系时颇能如鱼得水,某种程度上充当了官方代理人和民间社会组织者的双重角色,一定程度上疏通了已经淤塞的基层政治轨道。
[Abstract]:As the center of social education, before the Anti-Japanese War, the popular Education Museum in Jiangsu Province faced with the crisis of internal and external problems after the September 18 incident. In the process of the old elite losing its strength and the transfer of social power at the grass-roots level, there was a sense of helping the government to rebuild the social order at the grass-roots level. However, because of the little effect of "official autonomy" and the weak control ability of grass-roots level, the National Government also wants to support its participation in the construction of grass-roots regime with the help of popular Education Museum. The Museum of popular Education has set up grass-roots autonomous organizations with "improvement meetings" as the core in its teaching areas to assist the government in electing and training grass-roots leaders, and convening various "talks" to coordinate the interests of grass-roots society. Undertake a large number of civil disputes mediation, put into the "curator and district chief" of political reform experiments. The purpose of these acts is to help the government to strengthen the system of government administration in the existing grassroots political structure and to promote the political ideal of local autonomy by means of education. In coordinating the relationship with the grassroots and local governments, the Museum of popular Education can play a dual role of official agent and civil society organizer to some extent, and to some extent unblock the already blocked political track at the grass-roots level.
【作者单位】：扬州大学淮扬文化研究中心、扬州大学社会发展学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“民众教育馆与国家意识的塑造研究”(13BZS098)的阶段成果之一
【分类号】：K263

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