杯酒之间：1906年南昌教案的叙事、考证与诠释
发布时间：2018-08-12 20:04
【摘要】： 1906年2月22日,江西省南昌县知县江召棠应法国教士王安之之邀到法国天主堂赴宴,结果咽喉被利刃所伤,一周后身死。江召棠受伤三日后愤怒的民众焚烧了天主堂和天主教开办的法文学堂,杀死教士王安之和五位学堂教习,并累及英国新教教士金传安一家三口死于非命,这就是轰动一时的南昌教案。南昌教案是晚清最后一个重大教案,也是最后一个由教案引发的重大交涉,在晚清教案史上占有重要地位。在革命范式下,南昌教案的叙事以江召棠被杀为前提,一方面证明清政府的对内镇压和对外妥协,一方面证明天主教和帝国主义的凶残。本文考察并分析了各种相关叙述文本,对其史实进行了详细的考证,并将其放在晚清的历史语境下加以诠释,同时以其为路径探讨晚清的相关世相。本文用七章来叙述,现摘要如下: 第一章导言从南昌教案的神话入手,介绍本文的研究趣向、学术意义和材料的搜集与使用。 第二章考察南昌教案的背景,先介绍了南昌城和南昌基督教的概况,随后依次考察了晚清官员与教士的交往和南昌的反教传统,为此案的发生提供了空间和时间两个维度的背景。 第三章考证了江召棠之死。首先从江召棠的仕途和茌港、新昌两教案两方面揭示了江召棠面临的两难困境;其次对正月二十九日江召棠教堂受伤一事进行了文本分析和考证,认为江召棠颈部之伤是来自被逼自刎,伤不致死,但随着闹教案的发生,不得不以死塞责。江西官场上层从手书中知悉江召棠受伤原因,故而未拘拿王安之和二十九日在场的中国教徒,遭到不明真相的外界舆论的批评。 第四章考察二月初三日的闹教事件的具体场景。首先从传教士的视角探讨了他们在中国所面临的种种风险和挑战,随后利用以下两种方法对二月初三日的混乱场景做了深描:一、对二月初三日的各种叙事文本进行分析,从多个视角展示这起骚乱;二、通过对一系列相关史实的提问和考辩进入混乱的现场。 第五章叙述和分析南昌教案引发的中法交涉。首先重建了中法之间的交涉过程,发现外务部的态度一度比江西大吏还强硬,但由于梁敦彦的调查报告和西医的尸检报告,外务部态度变软,并最终与法国签订合同,承认江召棠愤急自刎且公示于众。其次考察了南昌教案背后的晚清政治关系,包括外务部、军机处、言路、南北洋和张之洞在南昌教案中的角色及关系,其中重点辨析了江西巡抚胡廷干和臬司余肇康在此次教案前后扮演的角色以及抚藩臬三者的关系。 第六章将视线转向中外报纸对南昌教案的报道。首先揭示了由于立场不同报界对南昌教案报道的大相径庭,在上海,中西报界之间围绕江召棠的死因还展开了一场激烈的报战。其次从中国报纸的民族主义情绪和作天下之气思想出发,探讨了南昌教案中展现的舆论与真相的关系。 第七章讨论南昌教案的影响。首先,探讨了晚清教案带来的种种祸患,进而考察了二月初三日后南昌城的恐慌景象以及官方的应对;其次,考察了南昌教案交涉期间各界调和民教的呼吁,认为民教调和的共识的达成是国人远离教案的一个重要因素;再次,从南昌教案中的动员与认同问题入手,考察了南昌教案与清末的民族国家建构问题。
[Abstract]:On February 22, 1906, Jiang Zhaotang of Zhixian County, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, was invited by French clergyman Wang Anzhi to a banquet in the French Catholic Church. He was wounded by a sharp knife in his throat and died a week later. The Nanchang Religion Case is the last major religious case in the late Qing Dynasty and the last major negotiation initiated by the religious case. It occupies an important position in the history of the late Qing religion case. On the one hand, the internal suppression and external compromise of the Ming and Qing governments proved the cruelty of Catholicism and imperialism. This paper examines and analyzes various related narrative texts, makes a detailed textual research on their historical facts, and annotates them in the historical context of the late Qing Dynasty. At the same time, it takes them as a path to explore the relevant generations of the late Qing Dynasty. The summary is as follows:
The first chapter begins with the myth of Nanchang Religious Plan, and introduces the research interest, academic significance and the collection and use of materials.
Chapter two examines the background of Nanchang Christian case, first introduces the general situation of Nanchang City and Nanchang Christianity, then inspects the exchanges between officials and priests in the late Qing Dynasty and the anti-religious tradition of Nanchang in turn, which provides the two dimensions of space and time for the occurrence of the case.
Chapter three textually studies the death of Jiang Zhaotang. First, it reveals the dilemma Jiang Zhaotang is facing from the two aspects of his official career and Zhugang and Xinchang religious cases; secondly, it makes textual analysis and textual research on the injury of Jiang Zhaotang church on January 29. It is believed that the injury of Jiang Zhaotang's neck comes from being forced to cut off, and the injury does not cause death, but with the uproar of religion. Jiangxi officials learned from their handbooks why Jiang Zhaotang was injured, so the Chinese missionaries who did not detain Wang Anzhi and who were present on the 29th were criticized by the outside world for not knowing the truth.
Chapter Four examines the specific scene of the riot on February 3rd. First, it explores the various risks and challenges they face in China from the perspective of missionaries. Then it makes a deep description of the chaotic scene on February 3rd by using the following two methods: First, it analyzes the various narrative texts of February 3rd and displays them from multiple perspectives. This is a riot; two, through a series of questions and debates about historical facts, we get into a chaotic scene.
Firstly, the negotiation process between China and France was reconstructed. It was found that the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was stronger than that of Jiangxi officials at one time. However, due to Liang Dunyan's investigation report and the autopsy report of Western medicine, the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became softer. Finally, the Ministry signed a contract with France, acknowledging Jiang Zhaotang's impatience and self-criticism. Secondly, the paper examines the political relations in the late Qing Dynasty, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Military Aircraft Department, the words and deeds, the roles and relations between the Northern and Southern Oceans and Zhang Zhidong in the Nanchang religious case.
Chapter Six focuses on the reports of Nanchang religious case by Chinese and foreign newspapers. Firstly, it reveals that there is a fierce newspaper battle between Chinese and Western newspapers in Shanghai about the cause of Jiang Zhaotang's death because of the different positions of different newspapers. The relationship between public opinion and truth in the Nanchang lesson plan was discussed.
The seventh chapter discusses the impact of the Nanchang Religion Case. First, it explores the calamities brought about by the case in the late Qing Dynasty, and then examines the panic in Nanchang City after the third day of February and the official response. Secondly, it examines the appeals for reconciliation and popular religion from all walks of life during the negotiation of the Nanchang Religion Case. Thirdly, starting from the mobilization and identification of Nanchang Religious Case, this paper examines the relationship between Nanchang Religious Case and the nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K257
本文编号：2180213
[Abstract]:On February 22, 1906, Jiang Zhaotang of Zhixian County, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, was invited by French clergyman Wang Anzhi to a banquet in the French Catholic Church. He was wounded by a sharp knife in his throat and died a week later. The Nanchang Religion Case is the last major religious case in the late Qing Dynasty and the last major negotiation initiated by the religious case. It occupies an important position in the history of the late Qing religion case. On the one hand, the internal suppression and external compromise of the Ming and Qing governments proved the cruelty of Catholicism and imperialism. This paper examines and analyzes various related narrative texts, makes a detailed textual research on their historical facts, and annotates them in the historical context of the late Qing Dynasty. At the same time, it takes them as a path to explore the relevant generations of the late Qing Dynasty. The summary is as follows:
The first chapter begins with the myth of Nanchang Religious Plan, and introduces the research interest, academic significance and the collection and use of materials.
Chapter two examines the background of Nanchang Christian case, first introduces the general situation of Nanchang City and Nanchang Christianity, then inspects the exchanges between officials and priests in the late Qing Dynasty and the anti-religious tradition of Nanchang in turn, which provides the two dimensions of space and time for the occurrence of the case.
Chapter three textually studies the death of Jiang Zhaotang. First, it reveals the dilemma Jiang Zhaotang is facing from the two aspects of his official career and Zhugang and Xinchang religious cases; secondly, it makes textual analysis and textual research on the injury of Jiang Zhaotang church on January 29. It is believed that the injury of Jiang Zhaotang's neck comes from being forced to cut off, and the injury does not cause death, but with the uproar of religion. Jiangxi officials learned from their handbooks why Jiang Zhaotang was injured, so the Chinese missionaries who did not detain Wang Anzhi and who were present on the 29th were criticized by the outside world for not knowing the truth.
Chapter Four examines the specific scene of the riot on February 3rd. First, it explores the various risks and challenges they face in China from the perspective of missionaries. Then it makes a deep description of the chaotic scene on February 3rd by using the following two methods: First, it analyzes the various narrative texts of February 3rd and displays them from multiple perspectives. This is a riot; two, through a series of questions and debates about historical facts, we get into a chaotic scene.
Firstly, the negotiation process between China and France was reconstructed. It was found that the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was stronger than that of Jiangxi officials at one time. However, due to Liang Dunyan's investigation report and the autopsy report of Western medicine, the attitude of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became softer. Finally, the Ministry signed a contract with France, acknowledging Jiang Zhaotang's impatience and self-criticism. Secondly, the paper examines the political relations in the late Qing Dynasty, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Military Aircraft Department, the words and deeds, the roles and relations between the Northern and Southern Oceans and Zhang Zhidong in the Nanchang religious case.
Chapter Six focuses on the reports of Nanchang religious case by Chinese and foreign newspapers. Firstly, it reveals that there is a fierce newspaper battle between Chinese and Western newspapers in Shanghai about the cause of Jiang Zhaotang's death because of the different positions of different newspapers. The relationship between public opinion and truth in the Nanchang lesson plan was discussed.
The seventh chapter discusses the impact of the Nanchang Religion Case. First, it explores the calamities brought about by the case in the late Qing Dynasty, and then examines the panic in Nanchang City after the third day of February and the official response. Secondly, it examines the appeals for reconciliation and popular religion from all walks of life during the negotiation of the Nanchang Religion Case. Thirdly, starting from the mobilization and identification of Nanchang Religious Case, this paper examines the relationship between Nanchang Religious Case and the nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K257
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