动荡中的扩张——晚清外商在华工业之若干分析

发布时间：2018-08-12 20:30

【摘要】： 外商工业是中国最早的近代工业,近代中国的机器工业是在外商工业进入之后,且在外商工业的刺激和示范之下艰难起步的。工业化作为近代化的核心内容,外商工业的进入及其在华扩展,比起外商在中国其它经济领域的存在更具影响力。? 本文选取晚清为研究范围,从清政府对外商工业的态度与政策入手,分析外商工业进入中国的方式。然后以《1865年香港公司条例》为切入点,分析晚清外商企业在华存在的依据。之后,着力分析晚清外商工业企业组织形式的演进及不同时期的企业特点。外商工业进入中国之后,资金匮乏直接影响到企业创设和运营,为此,企业的资金来源与资本筹集问题就显得很重要。股份公司制企业在资本筹集的过程中,呈现出诸多的特点。晚清外商企业的治理结构已经较为完备,大体形成了股东会、董事会和经理人的治理结构。尽管这种治理结构还呈现出早期特征,但毕竟是企业制度创新的表现。关于外商工业投资的利润问题,学术界早有研究,但是受出发点和研究角度所限,本文最后一章在指出其不足之处后,提出了自己的一些看法。? 晚清外商工业,是在中国近代社会转型的背景下进入和发展起来的。作为“外来入侵者”,它之所以能在晚清这个复杂的社会环境里扎稳脚跟并不断扩张,主要得益于机器大工业体现出来的先进生产力和企业制度创新的巨大推动力。??
[Abstract]:Foreign business industry is the earliest modern industry in China, and the machinery industry of modern China started hard after the entry of foreign industry, and under the stimulation and demonstration of foreign industry. Industrialization as the core content of modernization, the entry of foreign industry and its expansion in China is more influential than the existence of foreign businessmen in other areas of Chinese economy. This article selects the late Qing Dynasty as the research scope, starts with the Qing government's attitude and policy towards foreign industry, and analyzes the way of foreign industry entering China. Based on the Hong Kong companies Ordinance of 1865, this paper analyzes the basis for the existence of foreign enterprises in China in the late Qing Dynasty. After that, it analyzes the evolution of foreign industrial enterprises in late Qing Dynasty and the characteristics of enterprises in different periods. After the foreign industry entered into China, the lack of funds directly affected the establishment and operation of enterprises. Therefore, the capital source and capital raising of enterprises is very important. There are many characteristics in the process of raising capital. In the late Qing Dynasty, the governance structure of foreign enterprises was relatively complete, which formed the governing structure of shareholders' meeting, board of directors and manager. Although this kind of governance structure also presents the early characteristic, but after all is the enterprise system innovation performance. On the profit of foreign industrial investment, the academic circles have long studied, but limited by the starting point and research angle, the last chapter of this paper points out its shortcomings, and puts forward some views. In the late Qing Dynasty, foreign industry entered and developed under the background of social transformation in modern China. As a "foreign invader", it was able to stabilize and expand in the complex social environment of the late Qing Dynasty, mainly thanks to the advanced productive forces and the huge driving force of the innovation of enterprise system embodied by the big machine industry.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F429;K252

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