抗战时期湖北难民救济研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 15:54

【摘要】：抗战时期的难民问题,是中国近现代社会史研究的重要课题。近年来,学术界关于这一研究课题的专著和专题论文陆续发表,取得了很多积极的成果。但是,关于湖北省抗战时期的难民救济工作目前尚欠缺专题研究。本文拟通过对报刊杂志及相关文献资料的搜集、整理和分析,考察抗战时期湖北难民概况,难民救济政策以及实施的情况,总结其历史的经验和教训,为当今湖北的社会救济工作提供借鉴。全文共分三个部分,四个章节。第一部分主要论述抗战时期湖北难民问题的整体概况,包括湖北难民产生的原因、难民的流向以及湖北难民的诸多特点,作一较为详细的考察。抗战时期湖北由于战乱破坏以及自然灾害严重等因素的影响,形成众多战争难民和灾荒难民。难民最初的逃亡具有一定的盲目性、自发性和无组织性,南京沦陷后特别是武汉保卫战期间,湖北地区的难民其流动方向还是有一定的规律可循的。第二部分分上、下两部分。主要论述抗战时期湖北难民的救济与安置情况,以救济对象的不同主要分为对战争难民和灾荒难民的救济和安置,其中灾荒难民,既包括本省的也有豫省的灾荒难民。为与南京国民政府相适应,同时也为顺应新形势下的救济工作,湖北省政府制定了难民救济的宗旨,新成立了很多难民救济机关,制定了难民救济的政策和法令,对难民救济的经费来源也有明确的规定,采取了一系列的措施来解决这一问题；各种慈善团体、宗教团体等社会力量也纷纷参与其中,为难民救济工作做出了一定的贡献。另外,抗战时期湖北省对一部分外省主要是豫省灾荒难民也实施了救济,使其得到了较好的安置。第三部分主要对抗战时期湖北难民救济工作的特点,救济工作的积极效果以及工作过程中的不足之处进行较为全面深入的评价。湖北难民救济工作与河南、重庆等地既有共同之处同时也有自身的特点,取得了良好的效果,稳定了社会秩序、促进了生产发展、保存了民族力量；但由于救济经费的有限、救济过程中部分官员的官僚化以及腐败化等问题,在一定程度上削弱了救济工作的效果。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem during the War of Resistance against Japan is an important subject in the study of Chinese modern social history. In recent years, academic monographs and monographs on this subject have been published one after another, and many positive results have been obtained. However, there is still a lack of special research on the relief work of refugees during the Anti-Japanese War in Hubei Province. Through the collection, collation and analysis of newspapers, magazines and related documents, this paper will investigate the general situation of refugees, refugee relief policies and their implementation in Hubei during the War of Resistance against Japan, and sum up their historical experiences and lessons. To provide reference for the social relief work in Hubei. The full text is divided into three parts, four chapters. The first part mainly discusses the general situation of the refugee problem in Hubei during the Anti-Japanese War, including the causes of the refugees in Hubei Province, the flow of refugees and the characteristics of the refugees in Hubei Province, and makes a more detailed investigation. During the Anti-Japanese War, many war refugees and famine refugees were formed in Hubei province because of the destruction of war and the serious natural disasters. The initial flight of refugees has some blindness, spontaneity and unorganization. After Nanjing fell, especially during the defending war in Wuhan, the flow direction of refugees in Hubei is still regular. The second part is divided into two parts. This paper mainly discusses the relief and resettlement of Hubei refugees during the Anti-Japanese War. According to the different relief objects, it can be divided into relief and resettlement for war refugees and famine refugees. In order to adapt to the Nanjing National Government and also to comply with the relief work under the new situation, the Hubei Provincial Government formulated the purpose of refugee relief, established many new refugee relief agencies, and formulated policies and decrees on refugee relief. A series of measures have been taken to solve this problem, and various social forces, such as charitable organizations and religious groups, have also participated in it, and have made some contributions to the relief work of refugees. In addition, during the War of Resistance against Japan, Hubei Province also carried out relief to some of the famine refugees in Henan Province, which made it better to be resettled. The third part mainly evaluates the characteristics of the relief work of Hubei refugees during the Anti-Japanese War, the positive effect of the relief work and the shortcomings of the work process. The relief work of Hubei refugees, together with Henan, Chongqing and other places, has both common points and its own characteristics. It has achieved good results, stabilized social order, promoted the development of production, and preserved the national strength; however, due to the limited relief funds, The bureaucratism and corruption of some officials in the relief process weaken the effect of relief to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K265

【参考文献】