苏联、共产国际与北伐战争（1926-1927）
发布时间：2018-08-16 15:17
【摘要】：1926-1927年的北伐,是国共合作时期最有影响力、很值得人们研究的一个重要历史事件。国共合作是在苏联、共产国际的指导与帮助下形成和发展起来的。因此,苏联、共产国际与北伐战争有着密切的关系。苏联、共产国际出于自身利益的需求,支持、指导中国革命,提出国共合作战略。 国共合作建立后,尤其是五卅运动爆发后,全国革命形势不断高涨,南北方形势发生了重大变化,北伐因此被提上议程。但在是否进行北伐问题上,苏联、共产国际出于当时国际、国内形势的考虑与国共两党持有不同的态度。尽管如此,并没有影响北伐的顺利进行。随着北伐形势的发展,苏联、共产国际与国共两党最终达成一致,全力支持北伐,在政治、财力、人力等方面为北伐提供了大量的援助。正是在苏联、共产国际的指导与帮助下,北伐在不到10个月的时间里,就基本消灭了吴孙两大军阀,革命势力由珠江流域扩展到长江流域,得到了空前的发展,动摇了帝国主义和封建军阀在中国的统治。从这个意义上说,北伐取得了胜利。苏联、共产国际对北伐战争的胜利是功不可没的。 但北伐并没有实现“打倒列强,除军阀”的根本目的,以蒋介石为首的新右派窃取了革命果实,成了新军阀和帝国主义在中国新代言人。这当然与苏联、共产国际对中国革命的指导分不开。苏联、共产国际一开始就重视、高估国民党,看不起共产党,所以提倡实行党内合作的战略模式。正是在这种合作模式的影响下,苏联、共产国际对蒋介石、汪精卫等国民党新右派一直抱有幻想,对其制造的反共事件,缺乏实质性的认识,一味采取妥协退让求团结的合作方针,借以防止国共两党统一战线的破裂。结果不但没有挽救国共统一战线,反而助长并加快了他们反革命的步伐。蒋介石、汪精卫相继叛变革命,北伐的胜利果实被以蒋介石、汪精卫为首的大地主、大资产阶级所窃取。从这个意义上说,北伐虽然基本消灭了孙吴两大军阀的势力,却失败了。不可否认,苏联、共产国际有着难以推卸的责任。总之,北伐战争与苏联、共产国际有着密切的关系。
[Abstract]:The Northern Expedition in 1926-1927 was the most influential historical event in the period of KMT-CPC cooperation. KMT-CPC cooperation was formed and developed under the guidance and help of the Soviet Union and the Communist International. Therefore, the Soviet Union, the Communist International and the Northern Expedition had a close relationship. The Soviet Union and Comintern supported and guided the Chinese revolution and put forward the strategy of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After the establishment of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, especially after the May 30th Movement broke out, the revolutionary situation in the whole country was constantly rising, and the situation in the south and the north had undergone major changes, so the Northern Expedition was put on the agenda. However, on the question of whether to carry out the Northern Expedition, the Soviet Union and the Comintern held different attitudes from the KMT and the CPC because of the international situation at that time. However, it did not affect the smooth progress of the Northern Expedition. With the development of the Northern Expedition situation, the Soviet Union, the Communist International and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party finally reached an agreement, fully supported the Northern Expedition, in political, financial, human and other aspects of the Northern Expedition provided a large number of assistance. It was under the guidance and assistance of the Soviet Union and the Communist International that in less than 10 months the Northern Expedition basically eliminated the two warlords of Wu Sun, and the revolutionary forces expanded from the Pearl River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin, and achieved unprecedented development. It has shaken the rule of imperialism and feudal warlords in China. In this sense, the Northern Expedition won. The victory of the Soviet Union and the Communist International over the Northern Expedition was indelible. However, the Northern Expedition did not achieve the fundamental goal of "toppling the powers, except the warlords". The New Rightists led by Jiang Jieshi stole the fruits of the revolution and became the new spokesmen of the New warlords and imperialists in China. This, of course, is inseparable from the Soviet Union and the Communist International's guidance of the Chinese revolution. The Soviet Union and Comintern paid attention to, overestimated the Kuomintang and despised the Communist Party from the beginning, so they advocated the implementation of the strategic model of inner-party cooperation. It was under the influence of this mode of cooperation that the Soviet Union and the Comintern had always had illusions about the new rightists of the Kuomintang, such as Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei, and lacked a substantive understanding of the anti-Communist incidents they had created. The cooperative policy of compromise, compromise and unity is used to prevent the breakup of the United front between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Instead of saving the Kuomintang-Communist United front, the result was to encourage and accelerate their counter-revolutionary pace. Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei mutinied and the fruits of the Northern Expedition were stolen by the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, led by Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei. In this sense, although the Northern Expedition basically eliminated the two great warlords, but failed. Undeniably, the Soviet Union and the Comintern have unshirkable responsibilities. In short, the Northern Expedition War and the Soviet Union, Comintern has a close relationship.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D16;K262;D231
[Abstract]:The Northern Expedition in 1926-1927 was the most influential historical event in the period of KMT-CPC cooperation. KMT-CPC cooperation was formed and developed under the guidance and help of the Soviet Union and the Communist International. Therefore, the Soviet Union, the Communist International and the Northern Expedition had a close relationship. The Soviet Union and Comintern supported and guided the Chinese revolution and put forward the strategy of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After the establishment of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, especially after the May 30th Movement broke out, the revolutionary situation in the whole country was constantly rising, and the situation in the south and the north had undergone major changes, so the Northern Expedition was put on the agenda. However, on the question of whether to carry out the Northern Expedition, the Soviet Union and the Comintern held different attitudes from the KMT and the CPC because of the international situation at that time. However, it did not affect the smooth progress of the Northern Expedition. With the development of the Northern Expedition situation, the Soviet Union, the Communist International and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party finally reached an agreement, fully supported the Northern Expedition, in political, financial, human and other aspects of the Northern Expedition provided a large number of assistance. It was under the guidance and assistance of the Soviet Union and the Communist International that in less than 10 months the Northern Expedition basically eliminated the two warlords of Wu Sun, and the revolutionary forces expanded from the Pearl River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin, and achieved unprecedented development. It has shaken the rule of imperialism and feudal warlords in China. In this sense, the Northern Expedition won. The victory of the Soviet Union and the Communist International over the Northern Expedition was indelible. However, the Northern Expedition did not achieve the fundamental goal of "toppling the powers, except the warlords". The New Rightists led by Jiang Jieshi stole the fruits of the revolution and became the new spokesmen of the New warlords and imperialists in China. This, of course, is inseparable from the Soviet Union and the Communist International's guidance of the Chinese revolution. The Soviet Union and Comintern paid attention to, overestimated the Kuomintang and despised the Communist Party from the beginning, so they advocated the implementation of the strategic model of inner-party cooperation. It was under the influence of this mode of cooperation that the Soviet Union and the Comintern had always had illusions about the new rightists of the Kuomintang, such as Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei, and lacked a substantive understanding of the anti-Communist incidents they had created. The cooperative policy of compromise, compromise and unity is used to prevent the breakup of the United front between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Instead of saving the Kuomintang-Communist United front, the result was to encourage and accelerate their counter-revolutionary pace. Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei mutinied and the fruits of the Northern Expedition were stolen by the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, led by Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei. In this sense, although the Northern Expedition basically eliminated the two great warlords, but failed. Undeniably, the Soviet Union and the Comintern have unshirkable responsibilities. In short, the Northern Expedition War and the Soviet Union, Comintern has a close relationship.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D16;K262;D231
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