抗战时期湖南煤矿业研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 14:16

【摘要】： 湖南煤炭资源丰富,其总储量在全国排名较靠前,分布于全省各地,煤层构造也较适合开采。湖南煤矿自南宋末年得到开采以来,在元、明两代后逐渐兴盛。到近代,湖南煤矿业有了进一步发展,但是湖南煤矿业的生产方式整体上还比较落后。全面抗战爆发前夕,国民政府鉴于煤炭的重要战略意义,适时调整、制定了工矿业建设方针政策,以适应战时需要。为满足战时对煤炭资源的迫切需求,湖南省政府、国民政府军事委员会、资源委员会和宋子文、孙科等官僚资本加大了对湖南煤矿业的投资力度,重点建设了一批如醴陵煤矿局、湘南煤矿局等煤矿企业,湖南战时煤矿建设事业取得了可喜的成绩。自抗战爆发以来,截止到1943年,湖南煤炭总产量稳步上升。其中湘南煤矿局杨梅山矿厂、醴陵煤矿局、祁阳观音滩煤矿工程处等厂矿企业在战时湖南煤矿业中占有重要地位。它们为内迁湖南的工矿企业以及各铁路供应了大量煤炭,有力地支持了全国的抗战。随着战时湖南煤矿业的发展,湖南煤矿工人也急剧增加,尽管他们处于社会的底层,但他们以自己的实际行动在各个煤矿辛勤劳作,为抗日战争的胜利做出了应有的贡献。战时湖南煤矿的作用有二:一是在军事上为内迁湖南的工矿企业提供了大量燃料,以及为粤汉、湘桂、黔桂等铁路的运输提供了源源不断的机车用煤。二是促使全国及湖南工业布局逐渐趋向合理,还促进了湖南工业的发展,奠定了湖南工业化基础。总之,湖南地处全国中部,近代经济较为落后,全面抗战爆发以前,湖南煤矿业在社会经济生活中的作用有限。但随着抗战的兴起,工业和铁路机车用煤数量激增,湖南凭借蕴藏丰富的煤炭资源和所处的重要战略地位,使得抗战时期湖南煤矿业的作用以及湖南煤矿业在全国的地位得到显著提升。
[Abstract]:Hunan is rich in coal resources, its total reserves ranked higher in the country, distributed in all parts of the province, coal seam structure is more suitable for mining. Hunan coal mine has been exploited since the late Southern Song Dynasty, and gradually flourished after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. To modern times, Hunan coal industry has further developed, but the overall production mode of Hunan coal industry is still relatively low. After.
On the eve of the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan in an all-round way, the Kuomintang government, in view of the important strategic significance of coal, timely readjusted and formulated the principles and policies of industrial and mining construction to meet the needs of wartime. Since the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the total output of coal in Hunan has steadily risen to 1943. Among them, Yangmeishan Mine Factory, Liling Coal Mine Bureau, Qiyang Guanyintan Coal Mine Mine Engineering Agency and other factories and mining enterprises occupied an important position in Hunan coal mining industry during the war. They supplied a large amount of coal for the industrial and mining enterprises and railways that moved inland to Hunan and strongly supported the national anti-Japanese war. Their own practical actions have made painstaking efforts in various coal mines and made their due contributions to the victory of the war of resistance against Japan.
The role of Hunan coal mines during the war was twofold: first, they provided a large amount of fuel for the industrial and mining enterprises that moved inland to Hunan, and provided a continuous supply of Locomotive Coal for the railway transportation of Guangdong-Han, Hunan-Guangxi, Guizhou-Guangxi, etc. Second, they promoted the industrial layout of the whole country and Hunan gradually to be rational, and also promoted the development of Hunan industry and laid a foundation for Hunan industry. Commercialization basis.
In short, Hunan is located in the central part of the country, and its modern economy is relatively backward. Before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan in an all-round way, the role of Hunan coal industry in social and economic life was limited. The role of mining and Hunan's coal industry in the whole country has been significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F426.21;K265.9

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