从书院治经到学堂读经——孙雄与近代中国学术转型

发布时间：2018-08-18 09:42

【摘要】：作为中国固有四部学术之首,经学在近代教育体制确立与教学场合更替的过程中,面临着难以找到学科对应物、欠缺课堂教学可操作性等诸多困境。清末民初穿梭于新旧学界的孙雄(1866—1935)早年肄业于江阴南菁书院,在黄以周等经师引导下治经,逐步理解"郑学"群经训、义体系的脉络。其后上书张之洞,并在袁世凯幕下掌管新学堂。孙雄虽曾一度主张将经学碎片化以迁就外来学科,探索六艺九流的新教法,却最终在辛亥"经科存废"论争中力主保全经学整体,提出经学讲座制的设想。要之,与将六经历史文献化、去语境化、继而按照近代学科进行分类重组的"碎片化"思路相对,孙雄的保守姿态,提示了另一种对抗外来分科之学的"整体化"经学转型模式;而这也可视为南菁书院兼综汉宋,标举"郑学"治经体系的一宗遗产。
[Abstract]:As the head of the four inherent academic departments in China, the Confucian classics in the course of the establishment of the modern educational system and the change of teaching situation, it is difficult to find the corresponding subject, lack of classroom teaching maneuverability and many other difficulties. Sun Xiong (1866-1935), who shuttled between the old and the new in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, studied at Jiangyin Nanjing Academy in the early years. Under the guidance of Huang Yizhou and other experts, he gradually understood the context of the "Zheng School" group of classics and the system of meaning. He then wrote to Zhang Zhidong and was in charge of the new school under the Yuan Shikai curtain. Sun Xiong once advocated that the Confucian classics should be fragmented in order to accommodate foreign subjects and explore the new teaching method of the six arts and nine streams, but in the controversy of "saving and abolishing the science of the classics", Sun Xiong advocated the preservation of the whole study of the classics, and put forward the idea of the lecture system of the classics. To put it in perspective, Sun Xiong's conservative posture is relative to the idea of "fragmentation" of historical documents of the six Classics, which is contextualized and then classified and reorganized according to modern disciplines. It is suggested that another "integrated" mode of transformation of Confucian classics against foreign branches of science can be regarded as an inheritance of the "Zheng Xuezhi" system of governing the Confucian classics in the Nanjing Academy and the Han and Song dynasties.
【作者单位】：北京大学高等人文研究院;北京大学哲学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“清末新式国文教育研究——学科构建、文体想象与知识转型的互动”(14YJCZH107)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K25

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