20世纪50年代安徽扫盲运动
发布时间：2018-08-20 08:04
【摘要】：20世纪50年代安徽的扫盲运动,是一场范围广、时间长、规模大的群众性文化运动,它的出现是当时全国扫盲运动大背景下的地方性行为。鉴于建国初期全国落后的文化状况和社会主义建设的客观需要,为了建设新安徽和满足广大工农群众和干部对文化知识的迫切需要,在党中央扫盲政策的指导下,安徽省委和省政府高度重视20世纪50年代在安徽开展的扫盲运动。通过广泛宣传、充分动员,良好、协调的组织管理,规范、适用的教学方式,灵活、多样的扫盲形式,以群众运动的方式推动扫盲运动的顺利发展,来解决人民群众文化素质低下这一社会问题,为社会主义经济建设提供有效的人力资源。十年来安徽扫盲运动经历了三个发展阶段。1949年——1955年是扫盲运动的第一阶段,在这一阶段扫盲运动在全省各地初步展开,并对农民、工人和干部扫盲情况分别进行介绍。1956年——1957年是扫盲运动的第二阶段,在这一阶段安徽扫盲运动在全国扫盲大势的推动下走向高潮,出现了多样化的扫盲形式,扫盲成绩显著。1958年——1959年是扫盲运动的第三阶段,在“大跃进”的推动下,扫盲运动达到高潮,但同时也因为冒进、不切实际和只注重数字不考虑质量的跃进,导致扫盲运动名盛实衰,走向没落。经过建国初十年来的扫盲,脱盲人数显著增加,文教机构增多,办学层次由低到高逐步发展,全省文化状况总体上得到改善,扫盲运动取得了很大的成绩。党和人民群众在开展扫盲运动实践的基础上积累了诸如坚持党的领导；广泛宣传动员,走群众路线；重视典型示范作用；注重扫盲师资队伍和教学工作建设等经验。安徽扫盲运动在积累经验的同时,也存在一些问题,主要是任务要求上的高计划、高指标,操之过急、脱离实际的倾向,长期未能摆脱；工作作风上的大轰大嗡、浮而不实的倾向,长期未能克服。从而影响了各级扫盲工作大都不同程度地存在着名不副实的质量缺陷,不利于运动的巩固和发展。如工作中的“强迫命令”作风盛行,违反了自愿的原则；扫盲师资力量不稳定,影响冬学和民校的巩固。安徽扫盲运动也给新世纪的成人教育以重要的启示和借鉴。我们应该在调整扫盲策略的基础上,开展长期的扫盲工作,尊重扫盲教育的特殊规律,同时注意其功能的改变,做到与时俱进,才能推动扫盲教育取得新的突破。
[Abstract]:The literacy movement in Anhui in the 1950s was a mass cultural movement with a wide range, a long time and a large scale. Its emergence was a local action under the background of the national literacy movement at that time. In view of the backward national cultural situation and the objective needs of socialist construction in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to build new Anhui and to meet the urgent needs of the broad masses of workers, peasants and cadres for cultural knowledge, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee's literacy policy, Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government attached great importance to the literacy campaign in Anhui in the 1950's. Through extensive publicity, full mobilization, good and coordinated organization and management, standardization, applicable teaching methods, flexible and diverse forms of literacy, the smooth development of the literacy campaign can be promoted by means of mass movements. To solve the social problem of the low cultural quality of the people and provide effective human resources for the socialist economic construction. The literacy movement in Anhui Province has undergone three stages of development over the past decade. 1949-1955 was the first stage of the literacy campaign, in which the literacy campaign was initially launched throughout the province and addressed to the peasants. The literacy situation of workers and cadres was introduced separately. 1956-1957 was the second stage of the literacy campaign. In this stage, the literacy campaign in Anhui, driven by the general trend of literacy throughout the country, reached its climax, resulting in diversified forms of literacy. Remarkable achievements in literacy. 1958-1959 was the third phase of the literacy campaign, which culminated in the "Great Leap forward", but also because of the leap forward, which was rash, unrealistic and focused on numbers regardless of quality. Leading to literacy campaigns, the name of prosperity and decline, to decline. After the first ten years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the number of literate people has increased significantly, the number of cultural and educational institutions has increased, the level of running schools has gradually developed from low to high, the cultural situation of the whole province has been improved overall, and the literacy campaign has made great achievements. On the basis of the practice of carrying out the literacy campaign, the Party and the people have accumulated experiences such as adhering to the leadership of the Party, widely propagating and mobilizing, following the mass line, attaching importance to the role of typical demonstration, and paying attention to the construction of literacy teachers and teaching work. While the literacy campaign in Anhui has accumulated experience, there are also some problems. The main problems are high planning, high targets, excessive haste and deviating from reality in the task requirements. They have not been able to get rid of it for a long time, and the work style is booming. The tendency of floating and false has not been overcome for a long time. Therefore, most of the literacy work at all levels are affected by the false quality defects, which is not conducive to the consolidation and development of the movement. For example, the "compulsive command" style in the work is prevalent, which violates the voluntary principle, and the instability of literacy teachers affects the consolidation of winter school and civilian school. Anhui literacy movement also gives the adult education of the new century with important enlightenment and reference. On the basis of adjusting the literacy strategy, we should carry out long-term literacy work, respect the special rules of literacy education, pay attention to the change of its function, and keep pace with the times so as to promote literacy education to make a new breakthrough.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2192955
[Abstract]:The literacy movement in Anhui in the 1950s was a mass cultural movement with a wide range, a long time and a large scale. Its emergence was a local action under the background of the national literacy movement at that time. In view of the backward national cultural situation and the objective needs of socialist construction in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to build new Anhui and to meet the urgent needs of the broad masses of workers, peasants and cadres for cultural knowledge, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee's literacy policy, Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government attached great importance to the literacy campaign in Anhui in the 1950's. Through extensive publicity, full mobilization, good and coordinated organization and management, standardization, applicable teaching methods, flexible and diverse forms of literacy, the smooth development of the literacy campaign can be promoted by means of mass movements. To solve the social problem of the low cultural quality of the people and provide effective human resources for the socialist economic construction. The literacy movement in Anhui Province has undergone three stages of development over the past decade. 1949-1955 was the first stage of the literacy campaign, in which the literacy campaign was initially launched throughout the province and addressed to the peasants. The literacy situation of workers and cadres was introduced separately. 1956-1957 was the second stage of the literacy campaign. In this stage, the literacy campaign in Anhui, driven by the general trend of literacy throughout the country, reached its climax, resulting in diversified forms of literacy. Remarkable achievements in literacy. 1958-1959 was the third phase of the literacy campaign, which culminated in the "Great Leap forward", but also because of the leap forward, which was rash, unrealistic and focused on numbers regardless of quality. Leading to literacy campaigns, the name of prosperity and decline, to decline. After the first ten years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the number of literate people has increased significantly, the number of cultural and educational institutions has increased, the level of running schools has gradually developed from low to high, the cultural situation of the whole province has been improved overall, and the literacy campaign has made great achievements. On the basis of the practice of carrying out the literacy campaign, the Party and the people have accumulated experiences such as adhering to the leadership of the Party, widely propagating and mobilizing, following the mass line, attaching importance to the role of typical demonstration, and paying attention to the construction of literacy teachers and teaching work. While the literacy campaign in Anhui has accumulated experience, there are also some problems. The main problems are high planning, high targets, excessive haste and deviating from reality in the task requirements. They have not been able to get rid of it for a long time, and the work style is booming. The tendency of floating and false has not been overcome for a long time. Therefore, most of the literacy work at all levels are affected by the false quality defects, which is not conducive to the consolidation and development of the movement. For example, the "compulsive command" style in the work is prevalent, which violates the voluntary principle, and the instability of literacy teachers affects the consolidation of winter school and civilian school. Anhui literacy movement also gives the adult education of the new century with important enlightenment and reference. On the basis of adjusting the literacy strategy, we should carry out long-term literacy work, respect the special rules of literacy education, pay attention to the change of its function, and keep pace with the times so as to promote literacy education to make a new breakthrough.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27
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