清末新疆新政研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 20:42
【摘要】：清末新政是中国传统社会向现代社会过渡的转折点,对中国历史产生了深远影响。在全国改革的浪潮下,新政在新疆也得到了较有力的推行。1884年新疆建省后,清政府对统治新疆的政策进行了一系列的调整,使新疆各方面都有了较大的进步,相继设置的府厅州县,加强了行政治理。大规模修复水利设施,大兴屯垦,招徕流民,设立蚕桑局,促进了农业和手工业的恢复和发展。在教育上,大规模兴办义学,让各族更多的儿童学习文化,促进了教育的发展。这一切,为新疆推行新政奠定了基础。1901年清政府颁布诏令推行新政,正值英、俄帝国主义在政治、经济等方面对新疆进行大规模的渗透和掠夺,边疆危机日益严重,时任新疆巡抚联魁、伊犁将军长庚等人均是满族官员中思想较为开明的人,对“新政”态度积极,因此,当清政府颁布变法诏令时,新疆地方当局很快响应,积极推行。 清末新疆新政的主要内容是编练新军、实行警政、设立新式学堂；整肃吏治、设立咨议局；兴办实业、开发矿藏、成立公司、发展通讯业；实施禁烟等。清末新疆新政起步时间比内地省份稍晚,成效也不如东部沿海一些省份,但就其本身的条件来说,新政取得的成就还是比较可观的,新政期间,新疆发展迅速,各方面进步明显。不过我们也看到,因为新疆经济文化落后,新政在推行过程中,受到经济基础薄弱、财政拮据、人才匮乏、风气闭塞等因素的严重制约,并在一定程度上增加了百姓的负担。 新政对新疆社会产生了重大影响,它缓慢地推动了新疆生产力的发展,加强了国防,培养了一批实用人才,给新疆注入了一些新鲜空气,初步改变了新疆经济文化落后的面貌,开启了新疆的近代化进程,对后来新疆的发展影响深远。
[Abstract]:The New deal of the late Qing Dynasty was the turning point of the transition from the traditional society to the modern society and had a profound influence on Chinese history. Under the tide of national reform, the New deal was also carried out in Xinjiang. After the establishment of Xinjiang Province in 1884, the Qing government made a series of adjustments to the policy of ruling Xinjiang, which made great progress in all aspects of Xinjiang. The prefectures and counties that have been set up in succession have strengthened administrative management. Large-scale restoration of water conservancy facilities, Daxing reclamation, attracting displaced people, the establishment of sericulture bureau, to promote the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft industry. In education, the establishment of a large-scale learning, so that more children learn culture, and promote the development of education. All this laid the foundation for the implementation of the New deal in Xinjiang. In 1901, the Qing government issued an imperial decree to promote the New deal, at a time when British and Russian imperialism carried out large-scale infiltration and pillaging of Xinjiang in political and economic aspects, and the border crisis became increasingly serious. At that time, the governor of Xinjiang Liangkui, General Yili Chang Geng and others were all more open-minded people among Manchu officials, and had a positive attitude towards the "New deal". Therefore, when the Qing government issued the imperial edict of reform, the Xinjiang local authorities responded quickly and actively carried out it. The main contents of the Xinjiang New deal in the late Qing Dynasty were to organize and train the New Army, to carry out the police administration and to set up new schools; to purge officials and set up the Council of the Union; to set up industries, develop mineral resources, set up companies, to develop the communications industry; and to enforce the ban on smoking and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Xinjiang New deal started slightly later than the inland provinces, and the results were not as good as those in the eastern coastal provinces. But in terms of its own conditions, the New deal has achieved considerable success. During the New deal, Xinjiang developed rapidly. Remarkable progress has been made in all fields. However, we can also see that because of the backward economy and culture in Xinjiang, the implementation of the New deal was seriously restricted by such factors as the weak economic base, financial constraints, lack of talents, and lack of atmosphere, and to a certain extent increased the burden on the common people. The New deal has had a major impact on Xinjiang's society. It has slowly promoted the development of Xinjiang's productive forces, strengthened national defense, trained a number of practical talents, injected some fresh air into Xinjiang, and initially changed the backward outlook of Xinjiang's economy and culture. Started the process of modernization of Xinjiang, the development of Xinjiang later far-reaching impact.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K252
本文编号：2201980
[Abstract]:The New deal of the late Qing Dynasty was the turning point of the transition from the traditional society to the modern society and had a profound influence on Chinese history. Under the tide of national reform, the New deal was also carried out in Xinjiang. After the establishment of Xinjiang Province in 1884, the Qing government made a series of adjustments to the policy of ruling Xinjiang, which made great progress in all aspects of Xinjiang. The prefectures and counties that have been set up in succession have strengthened administrative management. Large-scale restoration of water conservancy facilities, Daxing reclamation, attracting displaced people, the establishment of sericulture bureau, to promote the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft industry. In education, the establishment of a large-scale learning, so that more children learn culture, and promote the development of education. All this laid the foundation for the implementation of the New deal in Xinjiang. In 1901, the Qing government issued an imperial decree to promote the New deal, at a time when British and Russian imperialism carried out large-scale infiltration and pillaging of Xinjiang in political and economic aspects, and the border crisis became increasingly serious. At that time, the governor of Xinjiang Liangkui, General Yili Chang Geng and others were all more open-minded people among Manchu officials, and had a positive attitude towards the "New deal". Therefore, when the Qing government issued the imperial edict of reform, the Xinjiang local authorities responded quickly and actively carried out it. The main contents of the Xinjiang New deal in the late Qing Dynasty were to organize and train the New Army, to carry out the police administration and to set up new schools; to purge officials and set up the Council of the Union; to set up industries, develop mineral resources, set up companies, to develop the communications industry; and to enforce the ban on smoking and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Xinjiang New deal started slightly later than the inland provinces, and the results were not as good as those in the eastern coastal provinces. But in terms of its own conditions, the New deal has achieved considerable success. During the New deal, Xinjiang developed rapidly. Remarkable progress has been made in all fields. However, we can also see that because of the backward economy and culture in Xinjiang, the implementation of the New deal was seriously restricted by such factors as the weak economic base, financial constraints, lack of talents, and lack of atmosphere, and to a certain extent increased the burden on the common people. The New deal has had a major impact on Xinjiang's society. It has slowly promoted the development of Xinjiang's productive forces, strengthened national defense, trained a number of practical talents, injected some fresh air into Xinjiang, and initially changed the backward outlook of Xinjiang's economy and culture. Started the process of modernization of Xinjiang, the development of Xinjiang later far-reaching impact.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K252
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