北伐战争中的安徽战场

发布时间：2018-08-26 17:05

【摘要】：1926年7月开始的北伐,势如破竹,到1927年2月,国民革命军进军到安徽。在此后9个多月的时间里,安徽成为国内的重要战场之一。经过与安国军的反复争夺,激烈作战,国民革命军驱逐了安国军在安徽的势力,完全占领了安徽,取得了安徽战场的胜利。安徽战场的胜利有不同于其它战场的原因,包括主要的作战对象是安国军等。同时,安徽战场的胜利也具有一定的重要意义和历史地位,对于改变当时北伐的战争形势,对于整个北伐战争在全国的胜利,都起到了不可替代的作用。安徽历史悠久、文化底蕴深厚,跨长江、淮河两大河流,以淮河、长江为界,形成了淮北、江淮和江南三大地域。占据安徽,北可直入中原,攻占北京,南可占领南昌,席卷华南,西可占领武汉,控制西南,东可占领南京,囊括东南,地理位置十分险要,历来为兵家必争之地,战略地位十分重要。北伐战争前,安徽社会经济平稳发展,农业、工业和手工业都取得了一定的成绩,农业种植面积和单产都有所增加,工业中的棉纺织业和制烟业规模有所扩大。随着帝国主义的势力逐渐进入安徽,加上封建制度的剥削和压迫,安徽人民生活在水深火热之中。安徽最先组织党部的是芜湖和宿县。1926年春,国民党安徽临时省党部在安庆邓家坡成立。随后,部分市、县党部也得到建立、完善和发展。到1926年底,全省有30多个县建立了国民党党部。在整个北伐战争中,安徽并不是主战场,但是,到了北伐后期,它的重要性却日益突出,因为它成为安国军和国民革命军争夺的重点地区之一。以“四·一二”事变为分界线,大致把国民革命军占领安徽的进程分为两个阶段。第一阶段进展比较顺利,第二阶段比较曲折。到1927年11月,国民革命军才最终打败安国军的重要组成部分——孙军和直鲁军,结束了北伐战争在安徽的战事。其主要战役有当涂之战、合肥之战、全椒滁县战役、淮河附近之战和蚌埠会战。这五场战役,对于国民革命军最终打败安国军、取得安徽战场的完全胜利起到了重要作用。经过近9个月的战斗,国民革命军打败了所谓的安国军(张宗昌部、孙传芳部)。在这9个月的时间里,国民革命军通过与安国军反复争夺,激烈作战,最终取得了胜利。作为一个独立的战场,安徽战场的胜利有一些不同于其它战场(如两湖战场、江西战场、福建战场等)的原因。当时的国内外形势对国民革命军十分有利,国内,国民革命军的气势震荡全国,形势一片大好；国外,欧美列强不敢公开干涉战事。在安徽战场上,国民革命军的主要对手是安国军,但安国军内部矛盾重重,无力阻止国民革命军占领安徽。在安徽战场的各个阶段,国民革命军都做好了充分准备,不仅制订了正确的战略战术,并且各路部队也配合默契、执行有力。在安徽战场上,国民党的各级组织,包括地方的党组织和军队的党组织,积极支持和配合国民革命军作战,为国民革命军取得安徽战场的胜利做出了巨大贡献。作为北伐战争不可或缺的一个组成部分,安徽战场的胜利对于促进安徽群众组织的发展,巩固武汉的革命形势,收复南京和再次攻克徐州,以及北伐战争在全国取得胜利,意义不言而喻。把安徽战场放到北伐战争的整个进程中来看,可能微不足道。但是,如果把它放到1927年下半年(即“四·一二”事变至1928年蒋介石再次上台)这段时间来看,却意义重大,因为安徽战场是这段时期的主战场,是国民革命军与安国军对抗最激烈的地方之一,对巩固北伐前期成果,对以后北伐大业的顺利进行具有巨大的影响力。因此,安徽战场在北伐战争中的地位和影响应该得到重新认识。总之,安徽战场虽然不是北伐战争中的主战场,但也是一个不可忽视的战场,尤其在北伐战争后期。因此,加强对安徽战场的研究,十分必要。
[Abstract]:The Northern Expedition, which began in July 1926, was in full swing. By February 1927, the National Revolutionary Army marched to Anhui. Over the next nine months, Anhui became one of the most important battlefields in the country. After repeated struggles and fierce battles with the Anhui Army, the National Revolutionary Army expelled Anhui's forces, completely occupied Anhui and won the Anhui War. At the same time, the victory of Anhui battlefield also has certain significance and historical status. It has played an irreplaceable role in changing the situation of the Northern Expedition at that time and in the victory of the entire Northern Expedition throughout the country. Use.
Anhui has a long history and profound cultural heritage. It spans the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River and forms three regions, Huaibei, Jianghuai and Jiangnan, bounded by the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River. Before the Northern Expedition, Anhui society and economy developed steadily. Agriculture, industry and handicraft industry all made certain achievements. Agricultural planting area and yield increased. The scale of cotton textile industry and tobacco industry in industry expanded. In addition to the exploitation and oppression of the feudal system, Anhui people's lives were in the midst of a fire and water.The first Party departments in Anhui Province were Wuhu and Suxian.In the spring of 1926, the Provisional Party Department of Anhui Province of the Kuomintang was established in Deng Jiapo, Anqing.Subsequently, the Party departments of some cities and counties were established, improved and developed.By the end of 1926, more than 30 counties in the province had established the Kuomintang. Party headquaters.
Anhui was not the main battlefield during the Northern Expedition, but its importance became more and more prominent in the later period of the Northern Expedition because it became one of the key areas contested by the Ankuo Army and the National Revolutionary Army. It was not until November 1927 that the National Revolutionary Army finally defeated the important components of the Anguo Army, the Sun Army and the Zhilu Army, and ended the Northern Expedition in Anhui. Its main battles included the Battle of Dangtu, the Battle of Hefei, the Battle of Chuanjiao County, the Battle of Huaihe River and the Battle of Bengbu. The national revolutionary army finally defeated the army and played an important role in the complete victory of the Anhui battlefield.
After nearly nine months of fighting, the National Revolutionary Army defeated the so-called An Guo Army (Zhang Zongchang, Sun Chuanfang). During these nine months, the National Revolutionary Army fought fiercely and repeatedly with the An Guo Army, and finally won. As an independent battlefield, the victory of the battlefield in Anhui is somewhat different from other battlefields (such as the two lakes battlefield, At that time, the situation at home and abroad was very favorable to the National Revolutionary Army. At home, the National Revolutionary Army's momentum shook the whole country and the situation was very good. Abroad, the European and American powers dared not intervene in the war openly. At all stages of the battlefield in Anhui, the National Revolutionary Army has made full preparations, not only formulated correct strategies and tactics, but also coordinated tacit understanding and carried out vigorously. In cooperation with the National Revolutionary Army, it has made great contributions to the victory of the Anhui revolutionary field by the national revolutionary army.
As an indispensable part of the Northern Expedition, the victory of the battlefield in Anhui is of great significance in promoting the development of Anhui mass organizations, consolidating the revolutionary situation in Wuhan, recovering Nanjing and conquering Xuzhou again, and winning the Northern Expedition in the whole country. But if we put it in the second half of 1927 (that is, from the April 12th Incident to the reign of Chiang Kai-shek in 1928), it would be of great significance, because the Anhui battlefield was the main battlefield during this period, and was one of the most intense confrontations between the National Revolutionary Army and the Anhui Army. It would consolidate the early achievements of the Northern Expedition and later the Northern Expedition. Therefore, the position and influence of Anhui battlefield in the Northern Expedition should be re-recognized.
In short, Anhui battlefield is not the main battlefield in the Northern Expedition, but also a battlefield that can not be ignored, especially in the later period of the Northern Expedition.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K262.34

【共引文献】