20世纪中期西北边疆危局下的新疆兵团建设与国家安全研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 12:02

【摘要】：20世纪中期是新中国成立以来安全环境最为艰难的一段历史时期。20世纪50年代中后期,中苏摩擦、中美对立、中印交恶,中国孤立于世界大国之外。20世纪60年代,中苏、中印爆发军事冲突,中国成为国际安全战略中的“孤岛”。总之,中国从东南沿海到西北边疆,均处于冷战的阴霾之中。在这种局面下,新疆成为苏联、印度双重威胁的重要区域,西北边疆陷入危局。 20世纪50年代,苏联、美国对新疆有所觊觎,加之新疆复杂的社会问题和落后的经济情况,西北边疆危局已经潜在。因此,新中国成立后,国家在总结历代新疆屯垦戍边历史经验的基础上,决定创建屯垦戍边的组织——新疆军区生产建设兵团(以下简称“兵团”),担当起西北边疆屯垦戍边的历史使命。兵团成立后,通过大力发展经济、调整团场战略布局等措施,在一定程度上缓解了危局。然而,兵团的战略体系并不完善,尤其缺少“军”的属性的专业化建设。 20世纪60年代,苏联策动“伊塔事件”和“铁列克提事件”,印度挑起边境战争,严重影响国家西北边疆安全,西北边疆危局凸显。然而,国家此时将国防重心偏安东南,西北边疆安全形势异常危急。此时,作为维护新疆社会稳定、保障国家西北边疆安全的兵团,通过建立边境农场、加强民兵值班连队、完善武装组织等措施,经过10余年建设,增强了战略能力,完善了战略体系,形成了兵团屯垦与国家西北边疆安全一体化机制。因此,20世纪60年代,兵团在一定程度上遏制了苏联、印度的双重侵染,维护了新疆社会稳定和国家西北边疆安全。 20世纪中期兵团建设与国家西北边疆安全的关系,是新中国成立后较为典型的时期。对其进行深入研究,构建兵团屯垦与国家西北边疆安全一体化长效机制,确保国家长治久安,是论文的主要目标。更为重要的是,在研究20世纪中期兵团建设与国家西北边疆安全的基础上,总结兵团建设的历史经验,探讨在新的国家战略机遇期兵团如何更好地发挥“推动改革发展、促进社会进步的建设大军作用,增进民族团结、确保社会稳定的中流砥柱作用,巩固西北边防、维护祖国统一的铜墙铁壁作用”,为国家实现“新疆跨越式发展和长治久安”的战略目标提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The middle of the 20th century was the most difficult period of history for the security environment since the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the middle and late 1950s, there were frictions between China and the Soviet Union, the antagonism between China and the United States, and the evil relationship between China and India, and China was isolated from the world powers. In the 1960s, China and the Soviet Union, With the outbreak of military conflict between China and India, China has become an isolated island in international security strategy. In short, China from the southeast coast to the northwest frontier, are in the cold war haze. In this situation, Xinjiang became an important region of the Soviet Union and India's dual threat, and the Northwest Frontier fell into crisis. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union and the United States coveted Xinjiang. In addition, Xinjiang's complex social problems and backward economic situation, northwest frontier crisis has potential. Therefore, after the founding of New China, on the basis of summing up the historical experience of Xinjiang in the past dynasties, It was decided to establish the production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang military region (hereinafter referred to as "Corps") to take on the historical mission of opening up and garrisoning the frontier in the Northwest Frontier. After the establishment of the Corps, the crisis was alleviated to a certain extent by vigorously developing the economy and adjusting the strategic layout of the regiment. However, the strategic system of the Corps was not perfect, especially the specialization of the attributes of the "army." in the 1960s, the Soviet Union instigated the "Ita incident" and the "Telikati incident," and India provoked a border war. Seriously affect the security of the Northwest Frontier, Northwest Frontier crisis highlights. However, the national defense center of gravity at this time southeastern, northwest frontier security situation is extremely critical. At this time, as a military regiment to maintain social stability in Xinjiang and ensure the security of the northwest frontier of the state, through the establishment of border farms, the strengthening of militia duty companies, and the improvement of armed organizations, and other measures, after more than 10 years of construction, the regiment has enhanced its strategic capability. Improved the strategic system, formed the bingtuan reclamation and the national northwest frontier security integration mechanism. Therefore, in the 1960s, to a certain extent, the Corps contained the dual invasion of the Soviet Union and India, and maintained the social stability of Xinjiang and the security of the Northwest Frontier of the country, and the relationship between the construction of the Corps and the security of the National Northwest Frontier in the middle of the 20th century. It is a typical period after the founding of New China. It is the main goal of this paper to make a deep study on it, to construct the long-term mechanism of the integration of bingtuan reclamation and the security of the northwest frontier, and to ensure the long-term stability of the country. More importantly, on the basis of studying the construction of the Corps and the security of the Northwest Frontier in the middle of the 20th century, this paper sums up the historical experience of the construction of the Corps, and probes into how the Corps can better "promote the reform and development" in the new period of national strategic opportunities. To promote the role of the building army in social progress, to enhance national unity, to ensure social stability, to consolidate the northwest frontier defense, and to safeguard the unity of the motherland. " It provides reference for the country to realize the strategic goal of "Xinjiang leaps and bounds development and long-term stability".
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：E24;K27

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