伪满洲国成立前后《满洲日报》社论研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 10:14
【摘要】：《满洲日报》(以下简称《满日》)是日本人在中国东北地区创办的日文报纸。该报言论不仅深刻地影响着居住在东北地区的日本居民,同时也通过欧美外交官以及新闻工作者,在向国际社会宣传日本的侵略政策以及行为的正当性方面有着极为重要的作用。 《满日》创刊于1907年11月,由南满洲铁道株式会社(以下简称满铁)经办,1945年9月停刊。该报历史绵延将近40年,历经了从“九·一八事变”到二战结束的完整过程。同时该报也是战前中国东北地区发行量最多的日文报纸,并以其雄厚的资金实力对当时东北地区的绝大多数报纸进行合并或收购,直接或间接地参与了东北地区的报纸经营活动,可谓当时东北地区影响力最大的日文报纸,基本上可以代表日本人经营下的日文报纸的报道倾向。 因此,探讨《满日》的社论倾向,不仅对中日两国的新闻史研究有着极为重要的意义,也十分有助于从侧面探究日本殖民地统治的真相。 通过梳理现有的研究成果可以发现,中日两国的相关研究大多从其创刊背景、报社运营等方面入手,将该报的发展史作为论述重点。而对于《满日》的社论研究则多集中于“九·一八事变”前后。先行研究指出,虽然自该报成立以来至“九.一八事变”爆发前后,其社论中存在着一定的“客观批判精神”(佐藤胜矢、《对满洲事变勃发前后的满洲日报的考察、日本大学大学院综合社会情报研究科纪要、2009年),但是由于关东军在事变之后加强了对中国东北地区的新闻管制,使得该报彻底沦为关东军的御用报纸。而先行研究中关于该报“九一八事变”爆发之后的社论研究较少,因此可以说这一结论缺乏相关事实依据的支持。 本文为探究“九·一八事变”之后《满日》的主张与政治取向,主要选取“九·八事变”爆发之后到日本退出国际联盟这一时间段的《满日》社论进行分析。在这一时期,日本在中国东北地区成立了傀儡政权“满洲国”,同时接受国际联盟调查团的实地考查。由于国际联盟调查团否认日本发动的“九·一八事变”是“合法自卫”,确认伪满洲国是日本违背东北人民意愿而强力炮制的工具,日本于1933年3月27日退出了国际联盟,从此走上了军国主义的扩张道路。 由此可以看出,《满日》在这一年半的时期里关于日本侵略政策及行为的相关社论最能体现出其作为宣传机构的作用。本文主要在先行研究的基础上,参考中日两国的研究资料,通过实证分析探究《满日》对日本侵略政策及其行为的态度。 本文由绪论、主体和结论三部分构成。绪论就国内外学术界近年来对本课题的研究现状进行了较为全面的梳理,提出了本课题的研究意义、研究方法和学术价值。主体部分的主要内容如下： 第一章主要剖析了《满日》创刊时的客观历史背景以及该报与满铁、日本关东军的关系变迁。通过研究发现,该报在创刊初期就与满铁有着极为密切的关系,而这一密切关系,在1913年满铁收购了其82%的股份之后得到了进一步的提升。但是由于“九.一八事变”之后关东军在中国东北地区的势力不断增强,其逐渐加强了对新闻报道的管制。由此可以推测出,以“九·一八”事变为界,一直作为满铁机关报的《满日》不可避免地开始受到关东军的政策影响。 傀儡政权“满洲国”成立之后,如何宣传其成立的合理性成为了关东军的重要课题。因此第二章主要分三节考察了《满日》在这一时期如何利用新闻报刊的优势,积极配合关东军宣传伪满洲国成立的合理性。 在第一节中,主要介绍该报不惜捏造历史,极力宣传“满洲地区”的特殊性以及“满日不可分”理论,强调伪满洲国的成立并不涉及领土问题,并且极力渲染中国政局的混乱,抨击原东北地区政府,宣称伪满洲国的建立是东北地区人民的选择。 第二节和第三节则主要探究该报如何大篇幅宣传“王道政治”及“民族协和”观念,标榜伪满洲国的统治理念。首先该报对比西欧思想以及三民主义,宣传“王道政治”的优越性,其次通过极力宣传伪满洲国施行“仁政”,企图为其树立正面形象。同时,还以大量篇幅介绍了“民族协和”观念,并通过对伪满协和会及其活动的高度赞扬,强调“民族协和”政策的实施不仅与东北民众息息相关,还有利于整个东亚的和平。总之,在这一时期,《满日》为配合关东军的侵略政策,通过标榜伪满洲国的治国理论“王道政治”及“民族协和”,妄图证明其成立的合理性。 第三章以《满日》对国际联盟调查团、调查报告书以及日本退出国际联盟所表现的观点和政治取向为解析的出发点,在与日本国内报纸相关社论进行比较的同时,考察了该报在这一时期的社论论调。在第一节中主要分析了该报对联盟调查团态度的转变。在调查团进行实地调查的初期,该报表现出了一定的期待,这种期待实质上是为了配合关东军以及日本外务省的战略方针,意图利用调查团获得国际社会对伪满洲国的承认。但是在获知调查团的调查结果不利于日本之后,该报对调查团的态度有明显改变,开始表现出怀疑甚至批判的态度。 第二节主要探讨了其对调查团报告书的评价。与日本国内报纸一边倒的批判态势相比,该报对于报告书中明确指出中国东北地区不可恢复到“九·一八事变”之前状态这一点给予了肯定。但是基本态度还是与日本国内报纸保持一致,主要持批判态度。 在第三节中主要探讨了该报对于日本退出国际联盟这一问题上的基本态度。通过分析可以发现,该报在日本国内就是否应退出国际联盟尚未达到一致之时,就已经领先日本国内大多数报纸,在1932年3月的社论中指出如果国际联盟不予以承认伪满洲国,则支持日本退出国际联盟,积极配合关东军展开退出国际联盟的相关宣传。 由以上分析可知,该报虽然在1932年3月的社论中就表明了支持日本退出国际联盟的态度,但是在调查团的调查初期仍然对其表示了一定的期待。这看似矛盾的-点正说明了该报深受关东军政策影响,积极配合展开舆论宣传。 通过对“九·一八事变”发生之后到日本退出国际联盟这一时期《满日》的社论研究,可以看出该报积极配合关东军军事侵略的步伐,开展殖民宣传活动。虽然先行研究指出《满日》自成立以来至“九·一八事变”爆发前后,该报的社论也出现过与日本国策相悖,坚持自身独立主张的一面。但通过本文的研究发现,“九·一八事变”之后,该报紧随关东军的侵略步伐,在巩固伪满政权,配合日本殖民扩张方面,始终竭尽全力展开宣传,彻底沦为关东局的御用新闻。
[Abstract]:Manchuria Daily is a Japanese newspaper founded by the Japanese in northeastern China. Its remarks not only profoundly affect Japanese residents living in northeastern China, but also, through European and American diplomats and journalists, publicize Japan's aggressive policies and legitimacy to the international community. Extremely important role.
Manchuria Railway Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Manchuria Railway Corporation) started its publication in November 1907 and closed its publication in September 1945. The newspaper has a history of nearly 40 years. It has undergone a complete process from the September 18th Incident to the end of World War II. It is also the Japanese newspaper with the largest circulation in Northeast China before World War II and has a strong fund. Most of the newspapers in Northeast China were merged or purchased, and they directly or indirectly participated in the newspaper business activities in Northeast China. They were the most influential Japanese newspapers in Northeast China at that time, and basically represented the tendency of Japanese newspapers under Japanese management.
Therefore, it is of great significance not only to study the news history of China and Japan, but also to explore the truth of Japanese colonial rule.
Through combing the existing research results, we can find that most of the relevant studies in China and Japan start from the background of its publication, newspaper operation and other aspects, and focus on the development history of the newspaper. Before and after the 18th Incident, there was a certain "objective critical spirit" in the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials. The newspaper has been reduced to the imperial newspaper of the Kwangtung Army. However, the editorial research on the newspaper after the September 18th Incident in the previous study is less, so it can be said that this conclusion lacks the support of relevant facts.
In order to explore the opinions and political orientation of Manchuria after the September 18th Incident, this paper mainly analyzes the editorials of Manchuria during the period from the outbreak of the September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Because the League of Nations investigation mission denied that the September 18th Incident launched by Japan was a "legitimate self-defense" and affirmed that the puppet Manchukuo was a powerful tool for Japan to concoct against the wishes of the Northeast people, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations on 27 March 1933 and embarked on the road of militaristic expansion.
It can be seen from this that the editorials on Japanese aggression policy and behavior in the period of one and a half years can best reflect its role as a propaganda agency.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction gives a comprehensive review of the current research situation of this subject in the academic circles at home and abroad in recent years, and puts forward the research significance, research methods and academic value of this subject.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the objective historical background when Manchuria Railway was first published and the changes of its relationship with Manchuria Railway and the Japanese Guandong Army. Since the September 18th Incident, the influence of the Guandong Army in Northeast China has been strengthened, and the control over news reports has been gradually strengthened. It can be inferred that the Manchurian Railway Bureau's "Manchuria" newspaper, bounded by the September 18th Incident, inevitably began to be influenced by the policy of the Guandong Army.
After the establishment of the puppet regime Manchukuo, how to propagate the rationality of its establishment has become an important issue for the Guandong Army. Therefore, the second chapter is divided into three sections to examine how Manchukuo made use of the advantages of the newspapers and periodicals to actively cooperate with the Guandong Army in propagating the rationality of the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo.
In the first section, the newspaper mainly introduces the particularity of Manchuria and the theory that Manchuria is inseparable from the sun. It emphasizes that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria does not involve territorial issues, and tries to exaggerate the chaos of China's political situation, attacking the government of the former Northeast China, and declares that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria is the people of the Northeast China. The choice.
The second and third sections mainly explore how the newspaper publicizes the idea of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" in a large amount, and flaunts the ruling idea of the puppet Manchukuo. At the same time, it also introduces the concept of "national harmony" in a large number of pages, and emphasizes that the implementation of the policy of "national harmony" is not only closely related to the people of Northeast China, but also conducive to the peace of East Asia as a whole. By flaunting the theory of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" of the puppet Manchukuo state, he tried to prove the rationality of its establishment.
In the third chapter, based on the analysis of the opinion and political orientation of the investigation mission of the League of Nations, the report of the investigation, and the withdrawal of Japan from the League of Nations, the author compares the editorials of the Japanese domestic newspapers and examines the editorials of the newspapers in this period. At the beginning of the investigation, the report showed some expectations, which were essentially in line with the strategic principles of the Kwantung Army and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and intended to use the mission to gain international recognition of the puppet Manchukuo. However, it was unfavorable for Japan to learn the findings of the investigation. After that, the newspaper's attitude towards the investigation group changed significantly and began to show a skeptical or even critical attitude.
Compared with the one-sided criticism of Japanese domestic newspapers, the newspaper affirmed that northeast China could not be restored to its pre-September 18th Incident state. The main reason is critical attitude.
In the third section, the author mainly discusses the basic attitude of the newspaper on Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Through analysis, it can be found that the newspaper has already taken the lead in most Japanese newspapers before reaching agreement on whether Japan should withdraw from the League of Nations. In an editorial in March 1932, the newspaper pointed out that if the League did not do so. In recognition of the puppet Manchukuo, Japan was supported to withdraw from the League of Nations and actively cooperated with the Kwangtung Army in launching the propaganda of withdrawing from the League.
From the above analysis, we can see that although the newspaper expressed its support for Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations in its March 1932 editorial, it still expressed certain expectations at the beginning of the investigation mission.
Through the editorial study of Manchuria during the period from September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations, we can see that the newspaper actively cooperated with the pace of military aggression by the Guandong Army and carried out colonial propaganda activities. However, after the September 18th Incident, the newspaper, following the pace of aggression by the Kwantung Army, made every effort to publicize the puppet Manchukuo regime and cooperated with the Japanese colonial expansion, and became the imperial news of the Kwantung Bureau thoroughly.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K265.61
本文编号：2221786
[Abstract]:Manchuria Daily is a Japanese newspaper founded by the Japanese in northeastern China. Its remarks not only profoundly affect Japanese residents living in northeastern China, but also, through European and American diplomats and journalists, publicize Japan's aggressive policies and legitimacy to the international community. Extremely important role.
Manchuria Railway Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Manchuria Railway Corporation) started its publication in November 1907 and closed its publication in September 1945. The newspaper has a history of nearly 40 years. It has undergone a complete process from the September 18th Incident to the end of World War II. It is also the Japanese newspaper with the largest circulation in Northeast China before World War II and has a strong fund. Most of the newspapers in Northeast China were merged or purchased, and they directly or indirectly participated in the newspaper business activities in Northeast China. They were the most influential Japanese newspapers in Northeast China at that time, and basically represented the tendency of Japanese newspapers under Japanese management.
Therefore, it is of great significance not only to study the news history of China and Japan, but also to explore the truth of Japanese colonial rule.
Through combing the existing research results, we can find that most of the relevant studies in China and Japan start from the background of its publication, newspaper operation and other aspects, and focus on the development history of the newspaper. Before and after the 18th Incident, there was a certain "objective critical spirit" in the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials of the editorials. The newspaper has been reduced to the imperial newspaper of the Kwangtung Army. However, the editorial research on the newspaper after the September 18th Incident in the previous study is less, so it can be said that this conclusion lacks the support of relevant facts.
In order to explore the opinions and political orientation of Manchuria after the September 18th Incident, this paper mainly analyzes the editorials of Manchuria during the period from the outbreak of the September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Because the League of Nations investigation mission denied that the September 18th Incident launched by Japan was a "legitimate self-defense" and affirmed that the puppet Manchukuo was a powerful tool for Japan to concoct against the wishes of the Northeast people, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations on 27 March 1933 and embarked on the road of militaristic expansion.
It can be seen from this that the editorials on Japanese aggression policy and behavior in the period of one and a half years can best reflect its role as a propaganda agency.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction gives a comprehensive review of the current research situation of this subject in the academic circles at home and abroad in recent years, and puts forward the research significance, research methods and academic value of this subject.
The first chapter mainly analyzes the objective historical background when Manchuria Railway was first published and the changes of its relationship with Manchuria Railway and the Japanese Guandong Army. Since the September 18th Incident, the influence of the Guandong Army in Northeast China has been strengthened, and the control over news reports has been gradually strengthened. It can be inferred that the Manchurian Railway Bureau's "Manchuria" newspaper, bounded by the September 18th Incident, inevitably began to be influenced by the policy of the Guandong Army.
After the establishment of the puppet regime Manchukuo, how to propagate the rationality of its establishment has become an important issue for the Guandong Army. Therefore, the second chapter is divided into three sections to examine how Manchukuo made use of the advantages of the newspapers and periodicals to actively cooperate with the Guandong Army in propagating the rationality of the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo.
In the first section, the newspaper mainly introduces the particularity of Manchuria and the theory that Manchuria is inseparable from the sun. It emphasizes that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria does not involve territorial issues, and tries to exaggerate the chaos of China's political situation, attacking the government of the former Northeast China, and declares that the establishment of the puppet Manchuria is the people of the Northeast China. The choice.
The second and third sections mainly explore how the newspaper publicizes the idea of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" in a large amount, and flaunts the ruling idea of the puppet Manchukuo. At the same time, it also introduces the concept of "national harmony" in a large number of pages, and emphasizes that the implementation of the policy of "national harmony" is not only closely related to the people of Northeast China, but also conducive to the peace of East Asia as a whole. By flaunting the theory of "kingly politics" and "national harmony" of the puppet Manchukuo state, he tried to prove the rationality of its establishment.
In the third chapter, based on the analysis of the opinion and political orientation of the investigation mission of the League of Nations, the report of the investigation, and the withdrawal of Japan from the League of Nations, the author compares the editorials of the Japanese domestic newspapers and examines the editorials of the newspapers in this period. At the beginning of the investigation, the report showed some expectations, which were essentially in line with the strategic principles of the Kwantung Army and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and intended to use the mission to gain international recognition of the puppet Manchukuo. However, it was unfavorable for Japan to learn the findings of the investigation. After that, the newspaper's attitude towards the investigation group changed significantly and began to show a skeptical or even critical attitude.
Compared with the one-sided criticism of Japanese domestic newspapers, the newspaper affirmed that northeast China could not be restored to its pre-September 18th Incident state. The main reason is critical attitude.
In the third section, the author mainly discusses the basic attitude of the newspaper on Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations. Through analysis, it can be found that the newspaper has already taken the lead in most Japanese newspapers before reaching agreement on whether Japan should withdraw from the League of Nations. In an editorial in March 1932, the newspaper pointed out that if the League did not do so. In recognition of the puppet Manchukuo, Japan was supported to withdraw from the League of Nations and actively cooperated with the Kwangtung Army in launching the propaganda of withdrawing from the League.
From the above analysis, we can see that although the newspaper expressed its support for Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations in its March 1932 editorial, it still expressed certain expectations at the beginning of the investigation mission.
Through the editorial study of Manchuria during the period from September 18th Incident to Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations, we can see that the newspaper actively cooperated with the pace of military aggression by the Guandong Army and carried out colonial propaganda activities. However, after the September 18th Incident, the newspaper, following the pace of aggression by the Kwantung Army, made every effort to publicize the puppet Manchukuo regime and cooperated with the Japanese colonial expansion, and became the imperial news of the Kwantung Bureau thoroughly.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K265.61
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