略论1915年之“国体”讨论

发布时间：2018-09-06 11:13

【摘要】：1915年的“国体”讨论是民国史上的重大事件，以往学者论及此事大多寥寥穿插于对袁世凯称帝的事件研究及对古德诺、杨度、梁启超等人的思想研究上，而对“国体”讨论本身的专门研究却极少。本文通过对新发现的一些档案史料和文献的梳理，首先对此次讨论的历史原因进行了分析，，同时对讨论发生发展的全面过程进行论述。然后就“国体”讨论的学理基础，如“国体”“政体”的区别、“国体”讨论的合法性等问题一一进行了分析和阐述。在此基础上，对“国体”讨论的两方，君主论者和共和论者的组成派别、主要观点及学理、事实依据等分别作了着重论述，从不同角度呈现出二者在“国体”问题上的不同立场和看法。最后对此次讨论的特点和历史意义作概括总结。笔者认为，1915年“国体”讨论是历史必然性和偶然性的一次结合，它没有按人们预期的态势发展，但讨论本身所引发的对共和及宪政的深刻思考，及其体现出来的学术性、教育性及对后来宪政改革的借鉴意义值得我们充分肯定。
[Abstract]:The discussion of "national style" in 1915 was an important event in the history of the Republic of China. In the past, most scholars discussed this matter only in the study of Yuan Shikai's reign as emperor and in the study of Gudeno, Yang du, Liang Qichao, etc. However, there is little special research on the discussion of the "national system" itself. By combing some newly discovered archival historical materials and documents, this paper first analyzes the historical reasons of this discussion, and at the same time discusses the overall process of the development of the discussion. Then the theoretical basis of the discussion of "state system", such as the distinction of "state system" and "regime", the legitimacy of "state system" discussion and so on, are analyzed and expounded one by one. On this basis, the two parties, the monarchists and the Republicans, the main viewpoints and theories, and the factual basis of the discussion of the "state system" are discussed respectively. From different angles, they present their different positions and views on the issue of "national system". Finally, the characteristics and historical significance of this discussion are summarized. The author thinks that the discussion of "national system" in 1915 is a combination of historical inevitability and contingency. It does not develop according to the expected situation of people, but the discussion itself leads to profound thinking on the republic and constitutionalism, and its academic nature. The educational nature and the reference significance to the later constitutional reform are worthy of our full recognition.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K258.3

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