罗斯福对华经济政策（1931-1945）

发布时间：2018-09-06 14:31

【摘要】：抗战时期(1931—1945年)是中美两国历史上一段比较特殊的时期,出于各种原因的考虑,当时的美国罗斯福政府对中国政府进行了一定的经济援助,这个援助在不同时期体现出不同的特点。文章从四个方面介绍了这一时期的美国对华经济政策。文章第一部分探讨了罗斯福对华经济政策的缘起,诸如罗斯福本人的中国情结,罗斯福在经济危机期间实行的新政与成效,以及当时国际形势及中国的经济状况,可以说是一个背景的梳理。第二部分是罗斯福对华经济政策的第一个阶段,即在九一八事变之后,美国采取的:不承认主义下的不公开援助(1931——1938)。美国政府出于自身利益的考虑,总体上是采取的中立政策,对中国的求援并不积极。但罗斯福政府此时也有对中国的棉麦借款等不公开的变相援助,这意味着中美之间经济联系桥梁的建立。第三部分是第二次世界大战全面爆发之后,罗斯福政府对华经济政策体现出两面性:有援助也有顾虑和条件(1938——1941)。这一阶段中国政府向美国进行了桐油借款、滇锡借款、钨砂借款、金属借款、平准基金借款等几次大规模借款,罗斯福政府出于对中国战场战略重要性的认识与需要,借款条件逐步优惠,金额不断增多,并且由商业借款转变为政治贷款。第四部分是罗斯福政府全面援华体系的建立(1941——1945),罗斯福政府出于对战后远东国际格局的设想,这一阶段罗斯福全面的援助体系正式建立,分为:政治援助,主要表现在中美新约的签订、排华法案的废除以及帮助中国确立四强地位;军事援助,主要为大量军事物资的提供以及派遣飞虎队来华;经济援助,主要为1942年3月31日无担保、无利息、无年限巨额贷款《中美5亿美元借款协定》的签署。最后是文章的总结。
[Abstract]:The Anti-Japanese War period (1931-1945) was a relatively special period in the history of China and the United States. For various reasons, the Roosevelt Administration of the United States gave certain economic assistance to the Chinese government. This aid has different characteristics at different times. The article introduces the American economic policy towards China from four aspects. The first part of the article discusses the origin of Roosevelt's economic policy toward China, such as Roosevelt's own Chinese complex, Roosevelt's new policies and effects during the economic crisis, and the international situation and China's economic situation at that time. Can be said to be a background combing. The second part is the first stage of Roosevelt's economic policy toward China, that is, after the September 18 incident, the United States adopted non-recognition under the closed aid (1931-1938). Because of its own interests, the U.S. government generally adopts a neutral policy and is not actively seeking help from China. But the Roosevelt administration also had hidden aid to China, such as cotton and wheat borrowing, which meant the establishment of a bridge of economic ties between China and the United States. The third part is that after the outbreak of World War II, the Roosevelt Administration's economic policy towards China showed two sides: aid and conditions (1938-1941). In this stage, the Chinese government made several large-scale loans from the United States, such as tung oil loan, Yunnan tin loan, tungsten sand loan, metal loan, leveling fund loan, etc. Borrowing terms gradually preferential, the amount of increasing, and from commercial loans into political loans. The fourth part is the establishment of Roosevelt Administration's comprehensive aid system to China (1941-1945). Mainly manifested in the signing of the New Testament between China and the United States, the repeal of the exclusion of China Act and the help of China to establish the status of the four major powers; military aid, mainly for the provision of a large number of military supplies and the dispatch of flying tiger teams to China; and economic assistance. Mainly signed on March 31, 1942, with no guarantee, no interest, no years of huge loans, and the $500 million loan Agreement between China and the United States. Finally is the summary of the article.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F125.5;K265;K712.5

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