近代中国茶叶对外贸易经济效益的综合分析
发布时间：2018-09-07 10:40
【摘要】：茶叶是近代中国对外贸易的重要商品之一,其出口趋势的变化对近代中国进出口贸易及国民经济有着不可忽视的影响。从对外贸易的一般理论出发,在现有资料的基础上,拟对近代中国茶叶出口的经济效益进行计量分析,一般而言,对外贸易经济效益有着微观和宏观两种层面上的区分,相应地,构架对外贸易经济效益的评价指标体系也应该从微观和宏观两种角度进行。 微观经济效益是指茶叶对外贸易的直接经济成果,集中体现在茶叶贸易发展过程中的贸易条件和出口竞争力两个具有典型意义的衡量指标上；宏观经济效益是指茶叶对外贸易对社会经济增长和结构优化的影响,是茶叶对外贸易的社会经济效益。 首先,就微观经济效益而言,着眼于茶叶对外贸易条件和出口竞争力的分析。主要度量指标包括：年度出口量值的增减、贸易条件指数、国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数、出口优势指数等。在19世纪,茶叶主导着中国对外贸易的发展,至1870年代末,茶叶对外贸易条件在出口量值持续下降的情况下日益恶化,这种情形持续至1940年代。近代中国进出口商品结构以及茶叶出口价格的变化,直接影响着茶叶对外贸易条件指数的增减。近代中国茶叶出口优势指数在19世纪后半期呈不断下降的趋势,在1910年代以后,逐渐呈上升趋势,此后,升降之势间或有之。反观国际茶叶市场,可以看出,英国红茶市场和美国绿茶市场是世界主要的茶叶消费和输入国,也是近代中国茶叶输出的主要市场,由于印度与日本对该市场的争夺,使得中国茶叶出口英、美的数量和价值急剧下降。据统计所得到的近代中国茶叶对外贸易的竞争指数较高,这是近代中国茶叶对外贸易发展变迁的历史事实的一个方面,不是全部内容,并不与茶叶对外贸易日益衰败的历史事实相矛盾。 另一方面,宏观经济效益分析反映的是该国国民经济整体的效益,也应是长远与近期效益的结合。从对外贸易与经济增长的关系出发,着重考察茶叶对外贸易与经济增长,经济结构优化之间的互动。 进而对近代中国茶叶产值及其与对外贸易相关性进行定量分析,从数据上集中体现了茶叶出口与国内茶业经济发展间的关系。由于茶叶对外贸易的衰退,茶叶税收在近代海关税收中的地位也相应地发生变化,作用越来越小,地位越来越低。茶叶对外贸易兴衰,深刻地影响着国内商品经济的发展变化,以及相关行业的变迁。 近代中国茶叶对外贸易经济效益的综合分析是正确认识和把握近代中国茶叶出口贸易作用和历史地位的一个新的视角。本文对近代中国茶叶对外贸易经济效益进行微观和宏观两层面上的全面的分析,也是正确认识和评价近代中国茶叶对外贸易经济效益的一个初步尝试。
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the important commodities in modern China's foreign trade. The change of its export trend has a great influence on the import and export trade and the national economy of modern China. Starting from the general theory of foreign trade and on the basis of the existing data, this paper intends to make an econometric analysis of the economic benefits of tea exports in modern China. Generally speaking, the economic benefits of foreign trade are distinguished from each other at the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, the evaluation index system of foreign trade economic benefits should be constructed from both micro and macro angles. The micro-economic benefit refers to the direct economic achievement of tea foreign trade, which is embodied in the terms of trade and export competitiveness in the process of tea trade development. Macroscopic economic benefit refers to the influence of tea foreign trade on social economic growth and structural optimization, and it is also the social and economic benefit of tea foreign trade. First of all, as far as micro-economic benefits are concerned, it focuses on the analysis of tea foreign trade conditions and export competitiveness. The main measures include: annual export volume increase or decrease, terms of trade index, international market share, trade competition index, export advantage index and so on. In the 19th century, tea dominated the development of China's foreign trade. By the end of the 1870s, the terms of foreign trade of tea had been deteriorating under the condition of continuous decline in export volume, which continued until the 1940s. The structure of import and export commodities and the change of tea export price in modern China have a direct impact on the increase and decrease of the foreign trade terms index of tea. In the second half of the 19th century, the tea export advantage index of modern China showed a declining trend, after 1910, it gradually showed an upward trend, and then, there was a tendency to rise and fall from time to time. On the other hand, from the international tea market, we can see that the British black tea market and the American green tea market are the major tea consumers and importers in the world, and are also the main markets for the export of tea from modern China. Due to the competition between India and Japan for this market, As a result, China's tea exports to Britain, the United States and the volume and value of a sharp decline. According to statistics, the competition index of modern China's tea foreign trade is relatively high. This is an aspect of the historical fact of the development and changes of modern China's tea foreign trade, not the whole content. It is not in contradiction with the historical fact that tea foreign trade is declining day by day. On the other hand, the analysis of macro economic benefits reflects the overall benefit of the national economy, and should also be the combination of long-term and short-term benefits. Based on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, the interaction between tea trade and economic growth, economic structure optimization is studied. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of tea output value and its correlation with foreign trade in modern China reflects the relationship between tea export and the economic development of domestic tea industry. Due to the decline of foreign trade of tea, the status of tea tax in modern customs tax has changed correspondingly, the role of tea tax has become less and less, and the status of tea tax has become lower and lower. The rise and fall of tea foreign trade deeply affect the development of domestic commodity economy, as well as the changes of related industries. The comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China is a new angle of view to correctly understand and grasp the function and historical position of tea export trade in modern China. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China on both micro and macro levels, which is also a preliminary attempt to correctly understand and evaluate the economic benefits of foreign trade of tea in modern China.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F752.9;F426.82;K25
本文编号：2228027
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the important commodities in modern China's foreign trade. The change of its export trend has a great influence on the import and export trade and the national economy of modern China. Starting from the general theory of foreign trade and on the basis of the existing data, this paper intends to make an econometric analysis of the economic benefits of tea exports in modern China. Generally speaking, the economic benefits of foreign trade are distinguished from each other at the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, the evaluation index system of foreign trade economic benefits should be constructed from both micro and macro angles. The micro-economic benefit refers to the direct economic achievement of tea foreign trade, which is embodied in the terms of trade and export competitiveness in the process of tea trade development. Macroscopic economic benefit refers to the influence of tea foreign trade on social economic growth and structural optimization, and it is also the social and economic benefit of tea foreign trade. First of all, as far as micro-economic benefits are concerned, it focuses on the analysis of tea foreign trade conditions and export competitiveness. The main measures include: annual export volume increase or decrease, terms of trade index, international market share, trade competition index, export advantage index and so on. In the 19th century, tea dominated the development of China's foreign trade. By the end of the 1870s, the terms of foreign trade of tea had been deteriorating under the condition of continuous decline in export volume, which continued until the 1940s. The structure of import and export commodities and the change of tea export price in modern China have a direct impact on the increase and decrease of the foreign trade terms index of tea. In the second half of the 19th century, the tea export advantage index of modern China showed a declining trend, after 1910, it gradually showed an upward trend, and then, there was a tendency to rise and fall from time to time. On the other hand, from the international tea market, we can see that the British black tea market and the American green tea market are the major tea consumers and importers in the world, and are also the main markets for the export of tea from modern China. Due to the competition between India and Japan for this market, As a result, China's tea exports to Britain, the United States and the volume and value of a sharp decline. According to statistics, the competition index of modern China's tea foreign trade is relatively high. This is an aspect of the historical fact of the development and changes of modern China's tea foreign trade, not the whole content. It is not in contradiction with the historical fact that tea foreign trade is declining day by day. On the other hand, the analysis of macro economic benefits reflects the overall benefit of the national economy, and should also be the combination of long-term and short-term benefits. Based on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, the interaction between tea trade and economic growth, economic structure optimization is studied. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of tea output value and its correlation with foreign trade in modern China reflects the relationship between tea export and the economic development of domestic tea industry. Due to the decline of foreign trade of tea, the status of tea tax in modern customs tax has changed correspondingly, the role of tea tax has become less and less, and the status of tea tax has become lower and lower. The rise and fall of tea foreign trade deeply affect the development of domestic commodity economy, as well as the changes of related industries. The comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China is a new angle of view to correctly understand and grasp the function and historical position of tea export trade in modern China. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China on both micro and macro levels, which is also a preliminary attempt to correctly understand and evaluate the economic benefits of foreign trade of tea in modern China.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F752.9;F426.82;K25
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李中庆;中国苎麻产业发展研究（1860-1958）[D];华中师范大学;2013年
，本文编号：2228027
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